Editing Short-term memory (section)

===Evidence===
====Anterograde amnesia====
One form of evidence supporting the existence of a short-term store comes from [[anterograde amnesia]], which is when individuals cannot learn new long-term facts and episodes. Despite these challenges, patients with this form of [[amnesia]] have an intact ability to retain small amounts of information over short time scales (up to 30 seconds) but have little ability to form longer-term memories (illustrated by [[HM (patient)|patient HM]]). This suggests that short-term store is spared from damage and diseases.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Christine N. |last2=Frascino |first2=Jennifer C. |last3=Hopkins |first3=Ramona O. |last4=Squire |first4=Larry R. |date=2013 |title=The nature of anterograde and retrograde memory impairment after damage to the medial temporal lobe |journal=Neuropsychologia |language=en |volume=51 |issue=13 |pages=2709–2714 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.015 |pmc=3837701 |pmid=24041667}}</ref>

====Distraction tasks====
Other evidence comes from experimental studies showing that some manipulations such as distractions can impair the recall memory for the last 3 to 5 words most recently learned from a list of words (it is presumed that they are held in short-term memory). However, recall for words from earlier in the list (it is presumed, stored in long-term memory) are unaffected. Other manipulations (e.g., [[Semantics|semantic]] similarity of the words) affect only memory for earlier list words,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Davelaar |first1=E. J. |last2=Goshen-Gottstein |first2=Y. |last3=Haarmann |first3=H. J. |last4=Usher |first4=M. |last5=Usher |first5=M |year=2005 |title=The demise of short-term memory revisited: empirical and computational investigation of recency effects |journal=Psychological Review |volume=112 |issue=1 |pages=3–42 |doi=10.1037/0033-295X.112.1.3 |pmid=15631586}}</ref> but do not affect memory for the most recent few words. These results show that different factors such as distraction affect short-term recall (disruption of rehearsal) and long-term recall (semantic similarity). Together, these findings show that long-term memory and short-term memory can vary independently of each other.