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Simian immunodeficiency virus
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===Strains=== {{Cladogram|width=220|style="float:right;" |caption=Phylogenetic relations between simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs)<ref name=pmid22229120>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharp PM, Hahn BH | title = Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic | journal = Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = a006841 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 22229120 | pmc = 3234451 | doi = 10.1101/cshperspect.a006841 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ahuka-Mundeke S, Ayouba A, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Liegeois F, Esteban A, Lunguya-Metila O, Demba D, Bilulu G, Mbenzo-Abokome V, Inogwabini BI, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Delaporte E, Peeters M | display-authors = 6 | title = Novel multiplexed HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus antibody detection assay | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 17 | issue = 12 | pages = 2277β2286 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 22172157 | pmc = 3311211 | doi = 10.3201/eid1712.110783 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Pancino G, Silvestri G, Fowke KR |title=Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV: Avoiding AIDS in Humans and Monkeys|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-387715-4|page=6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Peeters M, Courgnaud V, Abela B, Auzel P, Pourrut X, Bibollet-Ruche F, Loul S, Liegeois F, Butel C, Koulagna D, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Shaw GM, Hahn BH, Delaporte E | display-authors = 6 | title = Risk to human health from a plethora of simian immunodeficiency viruses in primate bushmeat | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 451β457 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11996677 | pmc = 2732488 | doi = 10.3201/eid0805.010522 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lauck M, Switzer WM, Sibley SD, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, Taylor B, Shankar A, Ting N, Chapman CA, Friedrich TC, Goldberg TL, O'Connor DH | display-authors = 6 | title = Discovery and full genome characterization of two highly divergent simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Kibale National Park, Uganda | journal = Retrovirology | volume = 10 | pages = 107 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 24139306 | pmc = 4016034 | doi = 10.1186/1742-4690-10-107 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |clades= {{clade|style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=grp i |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=<u>HIV-1</u> |label2= |2=cpzPtt }} |label2= |2=gor }} |label2= |2=cpzPts }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=drl |label2= |2=mnd2 }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1=rcm |label2= |2=agi }} }} }} |label2=grp ii |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=<u>HIV-2</u> |label2= |2=mac }} |label2= |2=mne |label3= |3=stm }} |label2= |2=smm }} }} |label2=grp iii/agm |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=gri |label2= |2=ver }} |label2= |2=tan }} |label2= |2=sab }} |label3=grp iv |3={{clade |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=lho |label2= |2=sun }} |label2= |2=prg }} |label2= |2=mnd1 }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=wrc |label2= |2=olc }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1=trc |label2= |2=krc }} }} }} }} |label2=grp v |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=gsn |label2= |2={{clade |1=mus2 |label2=(grp vi) |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=col |label2= |2=kcol1 }} |label2= |2=kcol2 }} |2=blc }} }} }} |label2= |2=mon |label3= |3=mus1 }} |2=reg }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1=tal |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1=asc |label2= |2=bkm }} }} }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1=deb |2=blu|state2=dashed |label3= |3={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=den |label2= |2=syk }} |label2= |2=wol }} }} }} }} }} }} While human immunodeficiency virus has a limited number of subtypes, SIV is now known to infect a few dozen species of non-human primates, and distinct strains are often associated with each species, or with a set of closely related species. The thus far categorized ~40 strains are divided into five distinct groups and one subgroup:<ref name=pmid22229120/> * i) HIV-1, SIVcpz ([[Common chimpanzee|chimpanzee]]), SIVgor ([[gorilla]]), SIVrcm ([[red-capped mangabey]]), SIVagi ([[agile mangabey]]), SIVmnd 2 ([[mandrill]]), SIVdrl ([[drill monkey]]) * ii) HIV-2, SIVsmm ([[sooty mangabey]]), SIVmac ([[rhesus macaque]]), SIVmne ([[pig-tailed macaque]]), SIVstm ([[stump-tailed macaque]]) * iii) SIVagm[generic] ([[African green monkeys]]): SIVsab, SIVver, SIVgri ([[grivet monkey]]), SIVtan ([[tantalus monkey]]) * iv) SIVmnd 1 ([[mandrill]]), SIVlho ([[L'hoest's monkey]]), SIVsun ([[sun-tailed monkey]]), SIVprg ([[Preuss's guenon]]), SIVwrc ([[western red colobus]]), SIVolc ([[olive colobus]]), SIVkrc ([[Kibale red colobus]]), SIVtrc ([[Tshuapa red colobus]]) * v) SIVsyk ([[Sykes' monkey]]), SIVdeb ([[De Brazza's monkey]]), SIVden ([[Dent's mona monkey]]), SIVwol ([[Wolf's mona monkey]]), SIVgsn/SIVmon/SIVmus 1/SIVmus 2 clade, SIVtal ([[northern talapoin]]), SIVasc ([[red-tailed guenon]]), SIVbkm ([[black mangabey]]), SIVreg[formerly SIVery] ([[red-eared guenon]]), SIVblu (blue monkey) ** vi) SIVcol ([[colobus guereza]]), SIVkcol 1 ([[black-and-white colobus]]), SIVkcol 2, SIVblc (formerly SIVbcm) ([[black colobus]]), In addition to the subgroups defined for extent SIVs, two endogenous SIVs are found in prosimian lemurs. These paleo-SIVs form a basal branch relative to extant SIVs.<ref name=pmid19300488>{{cite journal |last1=Gilbert |first1=C |last2=Maxfield |first2=DG |last3=Goodman |first3=SM |last4=Feschotte |first4=C |title=Parallel germline infiltration of a lentivirus in two Malagasy lemurs. |journal=PLOS Genetics |date=March 2009 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=e1000425 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000425 |pmid=19300488 |pmc=2651035 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
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