Editing Sitges (section)

==History==
Human presence in the area dates to at least the [[Neolithic]] era, and an [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberian]] settlement from the 4th century. In the 1st century BC, it included two separated villages, later absorbed by the [[ancient Rome|Romans]].

During the [[Middle Ages]], a castle was built in Sitges, owned by the [[bishopric of Barcelona]], which later ceded it to count [[Mir Geribert]] (1041). In the 12th century, the town fell under the rule of the Sitges family. The latter held it until 1308, when Agnes of Sitges sold the town to [[Bernat de Fonollar]], after whose death it went to the Pia Almoina, a charitable institution, to which it belonged until 1814.

Between the late-18th century and the early-20th, the history of Sitges was dominated by its close links with Spain's overseas territories, most importantly Cuba. Thousands of youngsters from Sitges settled in [[Santiago de Cuba]], [[Guantánamo]] and other areas in Eastern Cuba. Most of them were employed in commerce, usually working for relatives already established in the island. Some of them thrived and created big firms, like [[Facundo Bacardi|Facundo Bacardí]], founder of Ron [[Bacardi|Bacardí]], and Jaime Brugal, who later moved to the Dominican Republic and established Ron [[Brugal]]. Some others, after having amassed a certain fortune, settled back in Sitges, generally living on rent or investing in sectores like wine or shoe making. These were known as "Americanos", known for their habit of planting palm trees in their Caribbean-looking houses, smoking Cuban cigars and rum drinking. The ''americanos'' left a huge legacy in Sitges which can still be seen in its architecture and the history of most local families.

After Spain lost its overseas territories as a result of the [[Spanish–American War|Spanish-American War]] in 1898, the migration flow from Sitges to Cuba continued, but most of the trade ended. As most of Catalan economy, Sitges found its biggest market in the rest of Spain. Shoe making shaped Sitges' economy during the first third of the 20th century. Sitges economy was mostly based on the production of wine until the late 19th century, when the first mechanized shoe factory in Spanish history was established in the town in 1874, starting a powerful shoe making sector which employed ca. 80% of local workers by the mid-20th century. The tourist boom of the 1960s ended the era of shoe making and made local economy essentially depending on tourism and services.
[[File:Església parroquial de Sant Bartomeu i Santa Tecla (Sitges) - 10.jpg|thumb|The iconic church of St. Bartholomew and St. Thecla (17th century).]]
Due to the wave of artists settling in the town in the wake of [[Santiago Rusiñol]], who established his studio (nowadays [https://museusdesitges.cat/en/museum/cau-ferrat/cau-ferrat-museum Museu del Cau Ferrat]) wealthy families from Barcelona built summer residences in Sitges, especially in the garden city known as Terramar. Sitges acquired an  international reputation and attracted celebrities. American businessman, art collector, and philanthropist [[Charles Deering]] held an important art collection in Sitges between 1910 and 1921, where he built the impressive ''[https://museusdesitges.cat/en/museum/palau-de-maricel/palau-de-maricel Palau Maricel]'' (Maricel Palace). Intellectuals like G. K. [[G. K. Chesterton|Chesterton]], who visited the town in 1926 and 1935, or the German boxer [[Max Schmeling|Max Schmelling]], who trained for his match against [[Paulino Uzcudun]] in [https://www.melia.com/es/hoteles/espana/sitges/me-sitges-terramar?esl-k=sem-google%7Cng%7Cc622658808420%7Cme%7Ckhotel%20terramar%20sitges%7Cp%7Ct%7Cdc%7Ca134023298052%7Cg14891489977&gclid=Cj0KCQjwgLOiBhC7ARIsAIeetVDAc_gtFVrFqf_hArSxnyNFn_Jfs9ocZ5gcE_BZ9tjYMuUgJk2t-w0aAhOPEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds Terramar Hotel] in 1934.

For most of the [[Spanish Civil War|Civil War (1936-1939)]], Sitges was controlled by Republican forces, with the ensuing [[Red Terror (Spain)|repression]] against members of the Catholic Church and conservatives in general, until Franco's troops seized the town in January 1939 and [[White Terror (Spain)|repressed]] the elites that had ruled the town during the Second Republic and the war. 
[[File:01 Casa Manuel Planas, c. Illa de Cuba 21 - c. Sant Gaudenci (Sitges), avui Hotel Noucentista.jpg|thumb|Casa Manuel Planas (1908), one of the finest examples of ''americano'' architecture in Sitges.]]
The British war journalist Henry Buckley (author of ''[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16059587-the-life-and-death-of-the-spanish-republic The Life and Death of the Spanish Republic],'' 1940) lived for a few months in Sitges during the conflict, marrying a local woman. He would eventually retire in the mid-1960s in the town, where he purchased a house and died in 1972.

In 1958, political leaders ([[Liberalism in Colombia|Liberals]] and [[Conservatism in Colombia|Conservatives]]) from the country of [[Colombia]] met in Sitges and signed a peace treaty, the "[[National_Front_(Colombia)#Creation|Declaration of Sitges]]", instituting a [[consociationalist]] democracy in Colombia and creating the [[National Front (Colombia)|National Front]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Declaration-of-Sitges|title=Colombian history: Declaration of Sitges |website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>