Editing Slovincian language (section)

==Phonology==
<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Slovincian vowels{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=136}}{{sfn|Sobierajski|Trawińska|1997|pp=34}}
!
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Central vowel|Central]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}}, {{IPA link|y}}<br/>{{IPA link|i|ĭ}},{{efn|name=loan|loan phoneme.}} {{IPA link|y|y̆}}{{efn|name=loan|loan phoneme.}}
| {{IPA link|ʉ}}
| {{IPA link|u|ŭ}}{{efn|name=loan|loan phoneme.}}
|-
! [[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
| {{IPA link|ɪ}}
| 
|
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPA link|e}}
|
| {{IPA link|o}}, {{IPA link|õ}}
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}
| {{IPA link|ə}}, {{IPA link|ɵ}}
| {{IPA link|ɔ}}<br/>{{IPA link|ɔ|ɔ̆}}{{efn|name=loan|loan phoneme.}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| 
| {{IPA link|a}}, {{IPA link|ã}}<br/>{{IPA link|a|ă}}{{efn|name=loan|loan phoneme.}}<br/>{{IPA link|a|ā}}{{efn|name=unstress|only occurs in unstressed position in compounds of monosyllabic verbs.}}<br/>
| 
|}
</div>

{{Notelist}}

<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Slovincian consonants{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=158}}{{sfn|Sobierajski|Trawińska|1997|pp=34}}
! rowspan="2"  colspan="2" | 
! rowspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br/>[[Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br/>alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" | ([[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-]])<br/>[[Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|[[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]]}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
| 
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]]
! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|k}}
| 
|-
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| 
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|t͡s}}
| {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
| 
|
|
|-
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|d͡z}}
| {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
| 
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|f}}
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| 
| {{IPA link|x}}
| 
|-
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA link|v}}
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| 
| {{IPA link|ɣ|(ɣ)}}
| 
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Vibrant consonant|Vibrant]]
|
| {{IPA link|r}}
| {{IPA link|r̝}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
| {{IPA link|l}}
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
| 
|
|}
</div>

===Vowel length, pitch, and stress===
Slovincian native vowels do not show any phonemic difference in length except in one set of words; however, loanwords show unpredictability as to whether the given vowel will be long or short, giving a series of long or short loan-phonemes, existing only in loanwords.{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=134}}

It was originally posited that Slovincian had [[Pitch-accent language|pitch]],{{sfn|Mikkola|1897|pp=6—7}}{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=167—170}} but it was later shown to be entirely dependent on stress, and thus, non-phonemic.{{sfn|Rudnicki|1913|pp=118—121}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=134}} However, stress itself is phonemic and can appear on any syllable. There is a tendency to place the accent on the first syllable in polysyllabic stems, especially in noun inflections and, more rarely, in verbal inflections.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=171}}

===Notable allophony and other phonetic processes===
Unstressed word-final ⟨e⟩ has an [[archiphoneme]] of ⟨ë⟩. The pronouns ''tewa'', ''jewa'', ''czewa'', ''njewa'', etc., are subject to irregular phonetic reduction and can be realized with either ⟨ë⟩ or ⟨e⟩, with an ultimate underlying ⟨e⟩.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=22–23}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=48—61}}

⟨ë⟩ is phonemically /ə/; regionally, it may be [æ].{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=20–21}}{{sfn|Rudnicki|1913|pp=18—19}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=61—63}}

⟨o⟩ can be realized as a diphthong [ɔu̯] when stressed in open medial syllables, and in closed syllables and ultima.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=27}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=63—68}}

⟨ó⟩ can be a diphthong [ou̯] when stressed. [ou̯] and [o] are neutralized to /o/ in unstressed position before ⟨r⟩ and ⟨rz⟩.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=28—29}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=68—73}}

Diphthongs or triphthongs whose elements end in ⟨j⟩ or ⟨ù⟩ will never have a diphthongized first element, even when stressed.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=29—30}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=119—124}}

Some numerals show an irregular positional lengthening of ⟨y⟩ before word-final ⟨-nc⟩, represented as /i/.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=25—26}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=73—76}}

It has been claimed that ⟨y⟩ and ⟨i⟩ are allophones appearing after hard or soft consonants, respectively;{{sfn|Rudnicki|1913|pp=25—26}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Słowisński system fonologiczny w świetle najnowszych zapisów ze wsi Kluki Smołdzińskie|author=Zuzanna Topolińska|year=1961|page=26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hanna Popowska-Taborska|year=1959|title=Исчезновение кашубских долгот|volume=8|pages=60–66|journal=Вопросы Языкознания|url=https://vja.ruslang.ru/archive/1959-4.pdf}}</ref> however, minimal pairs exist, for example:{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=26}}

: ''wëbjijã'' ("to knock out") (first person singular future) vs. ''wëbjyjã'' (first person singular present)

The distinction between the two is neutralized after all consonants word-finally except after ⟨j, s, z, cz, dż⟩.{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=76—80}}

⟨ô⟩ can be diphthongized to [ʉɵ] when stressed and realized as [ɵ] when unstressed. /ɵ/ can optionally be stressed in a few monosyllabic, common words, resulting from a reduction due to rapid speech and frequent use.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=29—30}}{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=31—32}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=84—88}}

⟨e⟩ diphthongizes to [ɛj] when stressed.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=22—23}}{{sfn|Rudnicki|1913|pp=21—23}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=106—110}}

⟨é⟩ diphthongizes to [ej] when stressed except word-finally, where it remains phonetic /ej/.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=23—24}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=102—106}}

⟨ó⟩ is the archiphoneme of ⟨o⟩ and ⟨ó⟩ before ⟨i⟩.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=28—29}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=114-116}}

Nasal vowels can lose nasality when in coda position and unstressed.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=18—20}}{{sfn|Rudnicki|1913|pp=83}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=125—128}}

⟨a⟩ before nasal consonants and when stressed has an allophone ⟨ã⟩, and becomes [ã] again in the same position when unstressed as an alternative, non-phonemic pronunciation.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=18—20}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=125—128}}

⟨o⟩ also can undergo non-phonemic nasalization to ⟨õ⟩ in the same position.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=27—20}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=128—129}}

In Kluki, all vowels in such position could non-phonemically nasalize.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=30}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=131}} Proclitics do not affect nasality.{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=125—128}}

Regionally, ⟨v⟩ and ⟨f⟩ can allophonically be [w] and [ʍ] in word-final position.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=117}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=146}}

⟨j⟩ has an allophone [xʲ] after /p/.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=119}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=150}}

Slovincian displays a [[voicing assimilation]] system similar to the one found in Polish.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=116}}{{sfn|Rudnicki|1913|pp=115—117}}

⟨kj⟩, ⟨gj⟩, ⟨chj⟩, and ⟨ghj⟩ can be phonetically realized as [c͡ç], [ɟ͡ʝ], [ç], and [ʝ], respectively.{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=119}}{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=118—119}}{{sfn|Stokhof|1973|page=147—148}}

Certain affixes can cause secondary stress (and, in some cases, secondary stress causes the appearance of non-phonemic diphthongs).{{sfn|Lorentz|1903|pp=219—221}}{{sfn|Rudnicki|1913|pp=118—121}}