Editing Smartphone (section)

===Forerunner===
{{Main|IBM Simon}}
[[File:IBM Simon Personal Communicator.png|thumb|upright=0.7|[[IBM Simon]] and charging base (1994)<ref>{{cite web|title=From Backpack Transceiver to Smartphone: A Visual History of the Mobile Phone|first=Justin|last=Meyers|date=May 5, 2011|url=https://smartphones.gadgethacks.com/news/from-backpack-transceiver-smartphone-visual-history-mobile-phone-0127134/|website=Gadget Hacks|access-date=June 28, 2022}}</ref>]]

In the early 1990s, [[IBM]] engineer [[Frank J. Canova|Frank Canova]] considered that chip-and-wireless technology was becoming small enough to use in [[handheld devices]].<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite news |last1=Sager |first1=Ira |title=Before IPhone and Android Came Simon, the First Smartphone |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-06-29/before-iphone-and-android-came-simon-the-first-smartphone |access-date=18 August 2019 |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |agency=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=29 June 2012}}</ref> The first commercially available device that could be properly referred to as a "smartphone" began as a prototype called "Angler" developed by Canova in 1992 while at IBM and demonstrated in November of that year at the [[COMDEX]] computer industry trade show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-06-29/before-iphone-and-android-came-simon-the-first-smartphone |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701034025/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-06-29/before-iphone-and-android-came-simon-the-first-smartphone |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 1, 2012 |title=Before IPhone and Android Came Simon, the First Smartphones |last=Sager |first=Ira |date=June 29, 2012 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |access-date=June 30, 2012 |quote=Simon was the first smartphone. Twenty years ago, it envisioned our app-happy mobile lives, squeezing the features of a cell phone, pager, fax machine, and computer into an 18-ounce black brick.}}</ref><ref name=schneidawind>{{cite news |last=Schneidawind |first=John |title=Poindexter putting finger on PC bugs; Big Blue unveiling |date=November 23, 1992 |newspaper=USA Today |page=2B}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |last1=Connelly |first1=Charlotte |title=World's first 'smartphone' celebrates 20 years|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-28802053|website=BBC News|date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 16, 2014}}</ref> A refined version was marketed to consumers in 1994 by [[BellSouth]] under the name [[IBM Simon|Simon Personal Communicator]]. In addition to placing and receiving [[cellular frequencies|cellular]] [[telephone call|call]]s, the touchscreen-equipped Simon could send and receive [[fax]]es and [[email]]s. It included an address book, calendar, appointment scheduler, calculator, world time clock, and notepad, as well as other visionary mobile applications such as maps, stock reports and news.<ref>[http://www.spinfold.com/first-touchscreen-phone/ History of first touchscreen smartphone] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501230834/http://www.spinfold.com/first-touchscreen-phone/ |date=May 1, 2016 }} Spinfold.com</ref>

The [[IBM Simon]] was manufactured by [[Mitsubishi Electric]], which integrated features with its own [[cellular radio]] technologies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jin |first1=Dal Yong |title=Smartland Korea: Mobile Communication, Culture, and Society |date=2017 |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn=9780472053377 |pages=34–35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SjKNDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA34}}</ref> It featured a [[liquid-crystal display]] (LCD) and [[PC Card]] support.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nochkin |first=Alexandr |date=July 10, 2013 |url=https://habrahabr.ru/company/ibm/blog/184490/ |title=IBM Simon. The first smartphone in the World. What's inside. |access-date=June 5, 2017 |publisher=Habrahabr.ru |work=IBM blog |language=ru}}</ref> The Simon was commercially unsuccessful, particularly due to its bulky form factor and limited [[battery life]],<ref>{{cite magazine |title=First Smartphone Turns 20: Fun Facts About Simon |url=https://time.com/3137005/first-smartphone-ibm-simon/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=18 August 2019 |date=18 August 2014}}</ref> using [[NiCad]] batteries rather than the [[Nickel–metal hydride battery|nickel–metal hydride batteries]] commonly used in mobile phones in the 1990s, or [[lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion batteries]] used in modern smartphones.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mostefaoui |first1=Ghita K. |last2=Tariq |first2=Faisal |title=Mobile Apps Engineering: Design, Development, Security, and Testing |date=2018 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=9781351681438 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4V7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16}}</ref>

The term "smart phone" (in ''two'' words) was not coined until a year after the introduction of the Simon, appearing in print as early as 1995, describing AT&T's PhoneWriter Communicator.<ref name="ACM Interactions article">{{cite journal |url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=208157 |title=Designing a GUI for Business Telephone users|last=Savage |first=Pamela |journal=Interactions|date=January 1995 |volume=2|pages=32–41|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |doi=10.1145/208143.208157|s2cid=19863684|access-date=September 13, 2014 |quote=...It is at this point that early usability test participants met impasse.  The switch connected to our "smart phone" is expecting the typical "dumb end-point"...  AT&T's PhoneWriter was demonstrated at the 1993 Comdex Computer Show... |issn=1072-5520 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{primary inline|date=September 2016}}

The term "smartphone" (as ''one'' word) was first used by [[Ericsson]] in 1997 to describe a new device concept, the [[Ericsson GS88|GS88]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Andersen|first1=Kim Normann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd6HDE5wUIoC&pg=PA278|title=Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective: Second International Conference, EGOVIS 2011, Toulouse, France, August 29 -- September 2, 2011, Proceedings|last2=Francesconi|first2=Enrico|last3=Grönlund|first3=Ake|last4=Engers|first4=Tom M. van|date=2011-08-19|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-22960-2 }}</ref>