Editing Smile (section)

== Social effects ==
'''Smiling''' seems to have a favorable [[Social influence|influence]] upon others and makes one ''likable'' and more ''approachable''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gladstone |first=G. |title=When you're smiling, does the whole world smile for you? |journal=Australasian Psychiatry |year=2002 |volume=10 |issue= 2|pages=144–146 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-1665.2002.00423.x|s2cid=145551014 |doi-access= }}</ref> In the social context, smiling and [[laughter]] have different functions in the order of sequence in social situations:
* Smiling is sometimes a pre-laughing device and is a common pattern for paving the way to laughter;
* Smiling can be used as a response to laughter.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haakana |first=M. |title=Laughter and smiling: Notes on co-occurrences |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |year=2010 |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=1499–1512 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2010.01.010 }}</ref>

=== As reinforcement and manipulation ===
The influence of smiling on others is not necessarily benign. It may take the form of [[positive reinforcement]], possibly for an underhand [[Psychological manipulation|manipulative]] and [[abusive]] purpose.<ref name=braiker>{{Cite book|title=Who's Pulling Your Strings ? How to Break The Cycle of Manipulation |first=Harriet B.|last=Braiker |year=2004 |publisher=McGraw Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-07-144672-3}}</ref>