Editing Social cognition (section)

==Development==
According to the received view in [[cognitive science]]s, the development of the human ability to process, store, and apply information about others begins in social learning at the onset of life. Very young organisms cognize social situations in social interaction with their caregivers when knowledge is developing yet limited. The essential question in studying Social cognition is how this ability appears and what [[Neurophysiology|neurophysiological]] processes underlie it in organisms in the sensorimotor stage of development with only simple [[reflex]]es which do not maintain bilateral [[communication]].  
Professor Michael Tomasello introduced the [[psychological construct]] of [[shared intentionality]] to explain cognition beginning in the earlier developmental stage through unaware collaboration in mother-child dyads.<ref>Tomasello, M. (1999). ''The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]]. 1999.</ref><ref>Tomasello, M. ''Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]]; 2019.</ref> Other researchers developed the notion, by observing this collaborative interaction from different perspectives, e.g., [[psychophysiology]],<ref>Val Danilov I. & Mihailova S. (2023). "Empirical Evidence of Shared Intentionality: Towards Bioengineering Systems Development." ''OBM Neurobiology'' 2023; 7(2): 167; doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302167.
https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-02-167</ref><ref>McClung, J. S., Placì, S., Bangerter, A., Clément, F., & Bshary, R. (2017). "The language of cooperation: shared intentionality drives variation in helping as a function of group membership." ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,'' 284(1863), 20171682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1682.</ref><ref>Shteynberg, G., & Galinsky, A. D. (2011). "Implicit coordination: Sharing goals with similar others intensifies goal pursuit. ''Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,'' 47(6), 1291-1294., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.04.012.</ref> and [[neurobiology]].<ref>Fishburn, F. A., Murty, V. P., Hlutkowsky, C. O., MacGillivray, C. E., Bemis, L. M., Murphy, M. E., ... & Perlman, S. B. (2018). "Putting our heads together: interpersonal neural synchronization as a biological mechanism for shared intentionality." ''Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,'' 13(8), 841-849.</ref> 

Currently, only one hypothesis attempts to explain neurophysiological processes occurring during shared intentionality in all its integral complexity, from the level of interpersonal dynamics to interaction at the neuronal level.<ref name="Val Theory 2023">Val Danilov, I. (2023). "Theoretical Grounds of Shared Intentionality for Neuroscience in Developing Bioengineering Systems." ''OBM Neurobiology'' 2023; 7(1): 156; doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301156. https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-01-156 .</ref><ref name="Val Modulation 2023">{{Cite journal |last=Val Danilov |first=Igor |date= 2023|title=Shared Intentionality Modulation at the Cell Level: Low-Frequency Oscillations for Temporal Coordination in Bioengineering Systems |url=https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-04-185 |journal=OBM Neurobiology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Val Perception 2023">Val Danilov I. (2023). "Low-Frequency Oscillations for Nonlocal Neuronal Coupling in Shared Intentionality Before and After Birth: Toward the Origin of Perception." ''OBM Neurobiology'' 2023; 7(4): 192; doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304192.https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-04-192</ref> By establishing the neurophysiological hypothesis of shared intentionality, Latvian Prof. Igor Val Danilov expanded the use of the term shared intentionality to include consideration of the interaction between an embryo and her mother.<ref name="Val Theory 2023" /> From this perspective, abilities to process, store, and apply information about others develop from the prenatal period. This insight continues the reflections of great thinkers (e.g., Kant) and leading child development theorists (beginning from Montessori and Vygotsky) about the beginning of cognition in interactions with the environment.<ref>OECD (2007). "Understanding the Brain: The Birth of a Learning Science." ''OECD Publishing.'' p. 165. ISBN 978-92-64-02913-2.</ref><ref>Chapter 2: The Montessori philosophy. From Lillard, P. P. Lillard (1972). ''Montessori: A Modern Approach.'' Schocken Books, New York.</ref> Based on experimental data from research on child behavior in the prenatal period,<ref>Castiello, U.; Becchio, C.; Zoia, S.; Nelini, C.; Sartori, L.; Blason, L.; D'Ottavio, G.; Bulgheroni, M.; Gallese, V. (2010). "Wired to be social: the ontogeny of human interaction." ''PloS one,'' 5(10), p.e13199.</ref><ref>Kisilevsky, B.C. (2016). "Fetal Auditory Processing: Implications for Language Development? Fetal Development." ''Research on Brain and Behavior, Environmental In uences, and Emerging Technologies,'': 133-152.</ref><ref>Lee, G.Y.C.; Kisilevsky, B.S. (2014). "Fetuses respond to father’s voice but prefer mother’s voice after birth." ''Developmental Psychobiology,'' 56: 1-11.</ref><ref>Hepper, P.G.; Scott, D.; Shahidullah, S. (1993). "Newborn and fetal response to maternal voice." ''Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,'' 11: 147-153.</ref><ref>Lecanuet, J.P.; Granier‐Deferre, C.; Jacquet, A.Y.; Capponi, I.; Ledru, L. (1993). "Prenatal discrimination of a male and a female voice uttering the same sentence." ''Early development and parenting,'' 2(4): 217-228.</ref><ref>Hepper P. (2015). "Behavior during the prenatal period: Adaptive for development and survival." ''Child Development Perspectives,'' 9(1): 38-43. DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12104.</ref><ref>Jardri, R.; Houfflin-Debarge, V.; Delion, P.; Pruvo, J-P.; Thomas, P.; Pins, D. (2012). "Assessing fetal response to maternal speech using a noninvasive functional brain imaging technique." ''International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience,'' 2012, 30: 159–161. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.11.002.</ref> and advances in inter-brain neuroscience research,<ref name="pmid37563301">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Zhang R, Xie E, Lin Y, Chen D, Liu Y, Li K, Chen M, Li Y, Wang G, Li X | display-authors = 6 | title = Shared intentionality modulates interpersonal neural synchronization at the establishment of communication system | journal = Communications Biology | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 832 | date = August 2023 | pmid = 37563301 | pmc = 10415255 | doi = 10.1038/s42003-023-05197-z }}</ref><ref name="pmid34188170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Painter DR, Kim JJ, Renton AI, Mattingley JB | title = Joint control of visually guided actions involves concordant increases in behavioural and neural coupling | journal = Communications Biology | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 816 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 34188170 | pmc = 8242020 | doi = 10.1038/s42003-021-02319-3 }}</ref><ref name="pmid29292232">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu Y, Pan Y, Shi X, Cai Q, Li X, Cheng X | title = Inter-brain synchrony and cooperation context in interactive decision making | journal = Biological Psychology | volume = 133 | issue =  | pages = 54–62 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29292232 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.12.005 | s2cid = 46859640 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28284802">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szymanski C, Pesquita A, Brennan AA, Perdikis D, Enns JT, Brick TR, Müller V, Lindenberger U | display-authors = 6 | title = Teams on the same wavelength perform better: Inter-brain phase synchronization constitutes a neural substrate for social facilitation | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 152 | issue =  | pages = 425–436 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28284802 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.013 | hdl = 11858/00-001M-0000-002D-059A-1 | s2cid = 3807834 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> this neurophysiological hypothesis introduced the notion of non-local neuronal coupling of the mother and fetus neuronal networks.<ref name="Val Theory 2023" /><ref name="Val Modulation 2023" /><ref name="Val Perception 2023" /> The notion of non-local neuronal coupling filled a gap in knowledge – both in the Core Knowledge Theory and the group of positions in Externalism – about the beginning of cognition, the gap that the binding problem has also shown.<ref name="Val Theory 2023" /><ref name="Val Modulation 2023" /><ref name="Val Perception 2023" /> This insight also shed light on neurophysiological processes that underlie the human ability to process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations beginning from the reflexes stage of development, when even aware goal-directed behavior is questioned. While exactly due to the ability of shared intentionality,  very young babies express social behavior.<ref name="Val Theory 2023" /><ref name="Val Modulation 2023" /><ref name="Val Perception 2023" /> This ability manifests in recognizing and selectively responding to social stimuli. From this perspective, Social cognition contributes to cognitive development of newborns and even embryos when communication is still impossible.<ref name="Val Theory 2023" /> A development of the human ability to process, store, and apply information about others begins in the prenatal period.<ref name="Val Theory 2023" /><ref name="Val Modulation 2023" /><ref name="Val Perception 2023" />