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Social exchange theory
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== Homans == The foundation of the social exchange theory was first introduced by [[George C. Homans]] in 1958 based on his work "Social Behavior as Exchange", where he applied principles of behavior psychology and sociology to social interactions. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=Rehan |last2=Nawaz |first2=Muhammad Rafay |last3=Ishaq |first3=Muhammad Ishtiaq |last4=Khan |first4=Mumtaz Muhammad |last5=Ashraf |first5=Hafiz Ahmad |date=2022 |title=Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=13 |pages=1015921 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921 |doi-access=free |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=9878386 |pmid=36710813}}</ref> Homans expanded his research in 1961 through "elementary forms of social behavior. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=Rehan |last2=Nawaz |first2=Muhammad Rafay |last3=Ishaq |first3=Muhammad Ishtiaq |last4=Khan |first4=Mumtaz Muhammad |last5=Ashraf |first5=Hafiz Ahmad |date=2023-01-12 |title=Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921 |doi-access=free |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=9878386 |pmid=36710813}}</ref> Homans based his theory on concepts that include equilibration, expectancy, and a distributive justice in [[Dyad (sociology)|dyadic exchanges]]. Using this framework, he explained how people interact in small groups, showing that the rewards that they get are usually based on how much effort and resources that they contribute. Homans summarized his system with three main propositions: success, stimulus and deprivation-satiation propositions, described below. #Success proposition: When one finds they are rewarded for their actions, they tend to repeat the action. #Stimulus proposition: The more often a particular stimulus has resulted in a reward in the past, the more likely it is that a person will respond to it. #Deprivation–satiation proposition: The more often in the recent past a person has received a particular reward, the less valuable any further unit of that reward becomes.
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