Editing Socialist Forces Front (section)

===Establishment and rebellion (1963)===
{{Main|Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria}}
The party was formed by [[Hocine Aït Ahmed]] on 29 September 1963<ref name="Norton2001">{{cite book|author=Augustus Richard Norton|title=Civil society in the Middle East. 2 (2001)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k61qG1OlLl4C&pg=PA83|access-date=13 September 2014|year=2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-10469-0|page=83|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521151515/https://books.google.com/books?id=k61qG1OlLl4C&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Leftist Parties of Algeria|url=http://www.broadleft.org/dz.htm|publisher=Broad Left|access-date=7 May 2016|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010003912/http://www.broadleft.org/dz.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> in the city of [[Tizi Ouzou]] to oppose [[Ben Bella]]'s government. Following the party's creation, Aït Ahmed began an armed rebellion and captured a number of towns in [[Kabylia]]. The Ben Bella government, aided by the [[National Liberation Army (Algeria)|National Liberation Army]], swiftly took control of the dissident towns during a mostly bloodless confrontation. The FFS rebels were not supported by the people and were pushed into the mountains by the government's army.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=SSSR) |first1=Institut Afriki (Akademii͡a nauk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AfcEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA84 |title=A History of Africa 1918-1967 |last2=Smirnov |first2=Sergeĭ Rufovich |date=1968 |publisher="Nauka" Publishing House |language=en}}</ref> Preferring to avoid direct conflict, the FFS and its soldiers retracted into the mountains from where they could launch guerrilla tactics. The rebellion was defeated in 1964 and Hocine Aït Ahmed was arrested and sentenced to death.

The 1963 conflict resulted in 10 months of armed confrontation in the region, leaving more than four hundred dead, and most of the FLN leaders from Kabylia and the eastern provinces were either executed or forced into exile.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Émeutes et Mouvements sociaux au Maghreb|last1=Le Saout|first1=Didier|last2=Rollinde|first2=Marguerite|publisher=Karthala|year=1999|isbn=978-2-865-37998-9|pages=46}}</ref> Hocine Aït Ahmed escaped prison in 1966 and fled to Switzerland.