Editing Sonic screwdriver (section)

== History ==
=== 1968–1982 and 1996 ===
[[File:1st sonic screwdriver.jpg|thumb|right|The first sonic screwdriver from Season 6, Episode 3 of ''[[The War Games]]'' (1969)]]
The sonic screwdriver made its first appearance in the serial ''[[Fury from the Deep]]'' (1968), written by [[Victor Pemberton]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nicholas |first1=Stephen |last2=Tucker |first2=Mike |title=Doctor Who: Impossible Worlds |date=2015 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-240741-2 |page=200}}</ref> It was used thereafter by the [[Second Doctor]] as a [[multi-purpose tool]], with occasional variations in appearance over the course of the series.

Its abilities and overall appearance varied greatly during the classic series. The name implies that it operates through the use of sound waves to exert physical forces on objects remotely. During the Second Doctor's tenure, it functioned much as its name implied—using sonic waves to dismantle equipment or to bypass locks. In addition, it was used as a welding torch in Episode Five of ''[[The Dominators]]'' (1968). In the audio commentary for ''[[The Sea Devils]]'' (1972), [[Michael E. Briant|Michael Briant]] claims to have suggested it as a one-off gadget in 1968.<ref>Commentary on DVD of ''The Sea Devils''</ref>

During the [[Third Doctor]]'s tenure, producer [[Barry Letts]] was adamant that the device should not become a cure-all for the series and limited its use to avoid writers becoming over-reliant on it. During this time, the device underwent significant design changes. In ''The Sea Devils'', the Doctor used it to detonate landmines; Michael E. Briant explains that this was feasible, stating that the sonic waves shook the mines. In ''[[The Three Doctors (Doctor Who)|The Three Doctors]]'' (1972–73), the sonic screwdriver is almost unrecognisable, being a unique, one-use prop with a plastic red spherical head. In the DVD commentary, Letts himself remarks on the thickness of the prop and the fact that it belies the idea that it was the regular one, prompting [[Katy Manning]] to question whether it was indeed a sonic screwdriver.<ref>Commentary on DVD of ''The Three Doctors''</ref> This was due to the serial being produced out of transmission order: the original sonic screwdriver prop went missing during the recording of ''[[Carnival of Monsters]]'' (1973), requiring a new prop to be built for the rest of the season;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://doctorwho.org.nz/archive/tsv31/sonicscrewdriver.html|title = NZDWFC: TSV 31: Is that a Sonic Screwdriver in your Pocket, Doctor?}}</ref> ''The Three Doctors'' was recorded after ''Carnival'', but set before it, so the screwdriver could be seen to revert to its previous appearance for one story after ''The Three Doctors'' before receiving a more permanent redesign thereafter.

During the first three years of the [[Fourth Doctor]]'s tenure, producer [[Philip Hinchcliffe]] further reduced the use of the sonic screwdriver. Exceptions include ''[[Robot (Doctor Who)|Robot]]'' (which was the last story to be produced by Barry Letts), where it was again used to detonate mines, and as a "miniature sonic lance"<ref group="note">The Sixth Doctor uses a hand tool he calls a "sonic lance" in ''[[Attack of the Cybermen]]''</ref> to cut out a lock. Aside from unlocking doors, the device was greatly downplayed during the Fourth Doctor's second and third seasons. It saw a resurgence once [[Graham Williams (television producer)|Graham Williams]] took over as producer in 1977. In the final story of season 15, ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'', the Fourth Doctor conceded, "Not even the sonic screwdriver can get me out of this one."

It featured regularly in season 16 during the Key to Time saga. The Doctor's [[Time Lord|Time Lady]] companion [[Romana (Doctor Who)|Romana]] constructed a sonic screwdriver of her own similar to the Doctor's. It is depicted as being smaller and sleeker than the Doctor's, and he was sufficiently impressed with her design that he attempted to swap screwdrivers with her in ''[[The Horns of Nimon]]'' (1979–80). By season 18, both script editor [[Christopher H Bidmead]] and producer [[John Nathan-Turner]] were eager to downplay the device as much as possible.

The sonic screwdriver was written out of the series late in season 19, in the [[Fifth Doctor]] serial ''[[The Visitation (Doctor Who)|The Visitation]]'' (1982). It is destroyed by a [[List of Doctor Who monsters and aliens#Terileptil|Terileptil]] to prevent the Doctor from escaping a holding cell; in response, the Doctor sorrowfully remarked, "I feel as if you've just killed an old friend." [[Eric Saward]] later explained in a 2005 DVD interview<ref>Commentary on DVD of ''The Visitation''</ref> that this was done on the instructions of producer John Nathan-Turner. Saward had written out the sonic screwdriver, believing that the Doctor had "a cupboard full of them" in the [[TARDIS]]. On the basis that [[Deus ex machina|a device that could help in any situation]] was very limiting for the script, Nathan-Turner decided that it would not return.<ref>Commentary on DVD of ''Castrovalva''</ref> The Tenth Doctor joked about the Fifth Doctor's lack of sonic screwdriver in the mini-episode "[[Time Crash]]" (2007), commenting that he "went hands-free" and could "save the universe using a kettle and some string." The device did not appear again for the remainder of the original series.

In the [[Doctor Who (film)|''Doctor Who'' TV Movie]] (1996) and "[[The Night of the Doctor]]" (2013), the Seventh (TVM), Eighth (both), and the [[War Doctor]] ("The Night of the Doctor") were seen to have a new sonic screwdriver with a telescopic mechanism: similar to its predecessors but with subtle differences such as a gold/brass band on the handle, a flat base and a red emitter tip.

=== 2005–2010 ===
{{overly detailed|section|date=November 2013}}
A redesigned sonic screwdriver appears in the new series, with a blue light in addition to the sound effect. In its first incarnation, the prop used in the new series was fragile and prone to breakage. Over the course of the next two years, the props were continually repaired and modified, with some additions being a new thumb slider design and different colours of wires used in the clear channel when extended.

For [[Doctor Who (series 4)|series 4]] (2008), a new design of Screwdriver was commissioned by the BBC. [[Nick Robatto]] was hired to make two new props. These featured the final slider design, and redesigned body ridges, among other smaller changes. This design debuted in 2008's "[[Partners in Crime (Doctor Who)|Partners in Crime]]" and continued to be used until the Screwdriver's ultimate destruction in 2010's "[[The Eleventh Hour (Doctor Who)|The Eleventh Hour]]". This later design has gained the nickname "Series 3–4 Sonic" (relating to the fact that at the start of Series 3, in "Smith and Jones", the first Sonic Screwdriver was supposedly destroyed), even though strictly speaking it first appeared in Series 4.<ref>{{cite news | title=Toys and Games | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2005/07/26/20763.shtml | publisher=BBC | date=26 July 2005 | access-date=29 October 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216031526/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2005/07/26/20763.shtml | archive-date=16 December 2006}}</ref>

In contrast with Nathan-Turner's attitude that the sonic screwdriver should not be used as a cure-all, the new production team gave it even more functionality than previous versions. Some of the uses in the new series include: repairing electronic equipment; re-attaching materials such as barbed wire; detecting, intercepting and sending signals; remotely operating the TARDIS; burning, cutting, or igniting substances; fusing metal; scanning and identifying substances; amplifying or augmenting sound; modifying mobile phones to enable "universal roaming"; disabling alien disguises; resonating concrete; reversing teleportation of another entity. It is sometimes used to disassemble robotic enemies or turn other objects into weapons; healing cuts and wounds. In "[[The Parting of the Ways]]" (2005) and "[[Utopia (Doctor Who)|Utopia]]" (2007), it is used to operate the TARDIS controls remotely; when the Doctor attempts to counteract the Master's theft of the TARDIS, it is used to limit the TARDIS' destination. In "[[Doomsday (Doctor Who)|Doomsday]]" (2006), the Doctor states that the sonic screwdriver does not kill, wound or maim; however, it is sometimes brandished in a threatening manner, such as in "[[The Christmas Invasion]]" (2005), "[[The Impossible Planet]]" (2006), "[[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|The Runaway Bride]]" (2006), "[[The Lazarus Experiment]]" (2007), "[[The Day of the Doctor]]" (2013), and ''[[The Infinite Quest]]'' (2007). In "[[World War Three (Doctor Who)|World War Three]]" (2005), when confronted by a group of [[Slitheen]], the Doctor threatens to "triplicate the flammability" of a bottle of [[port wine]] with the sonic screwdriver, though one of the Slitheen realises he is bluffing. In "[[Closing Time (Doctor Who)|Closing Time]]" (2011), ringed energy beams are seen emitted from the device, giving it a more weapon-like appearance, particularly when used to disable a weakened [[Cyberman]] at a distance.

In "Smith and Jones", the sonic screwdriver burns out after the Doctor uses it to amplify the radiation output of a hospital [[x-ray generator|X-ray machine]]. In the "Series Three concept Artwork Gallery",[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227031917/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/gallery/concept_2007/index.shtml] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227182534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/gallery/concept_2007/2.shtml] when referring to the burnt out sonic screwdriver, Peter McKinstry says "the green crystal structure visible under the shattered dome refers back to the TARDIS console crystal. It's the same technology – the TARDIS's little brother."<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/gallery/concept_2007/2.shtml BBC – Doctor Who – Series Three concept Artwork Gallery] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227182534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/gallery/concept_2007/2.shtml |date=27 February 2008 }}</ref> Though initially saddened at the loss of the screwdriver, the Doctor obtains a new one at the conclusion of the episode.

The sonic screwdriver is unable to open a "deadlock seal", used as a [[plot device]] to prevent an easy solution. Russell T Davies once mentioned that he would never make the sonic screwdriver the solution to an episode. In "[[Silence in the Library]]" (2008), while trying to open a wooden door, the Doctor tells Donna that the sonic screwdriver will not work because the door is made of wood, a fact later restated in "[[The Hungry Earth]]" (2010); when Rory complains about this, the Doctor counters to not "diss the sonic." The sonic screwdriver's inability to work on wood is clarified in "[[In the Forest of the Night]]" (2014), when the Doctor states that the sonic screwdriver works by manipulating the moving parts in various machinery: since plant tissue lacks said moving parts, it is unaffected by the sonic screwdriver. In "[[The Parting of the Ways]]" (2005), the Doctor mentions that when Emergency Program One was activated, the sonic screwdriver would receive a signal from the TARDIS. In "[[Forest of the Dead]]" (2008), he claims that a few hair-dryers can interfere with the device, though he states that he is "working on that".

=== 2010–2015 ===
In "[[The Eleventh Hour (Doctor Who)|The Eleventh Hour]]" (2010), the malfunctioning sonic screwdriver is destroyed when the Doctor tries to signal the Atraxi ships. The Doctor later receives a new one, which emerges from the newly regenerated TARDIS console. The [[Eleventh Doctor]]'s sonic screwdriver is larger than its predecessor; it has a green light and metal claws that extend with a flick of the wrist. It is shown to have been created by the TARDIS as part of its automatic regeneration.

In "[[A Christmas Carol (Doctor Who)|A Christmas Carol]]" (2010), the Doctor advises a young Kazran Sardick to pursue romance while implying that in a similar situation in his own past he had instead gone to his room to "design a new kind of screwdriver."
Also in that episode, the sonic screwdriver gets split into two pieces, one of which ends up inside a flying shark. The remaining piece is said to be signalling its other half in an effort to repair itself. The Doctor uses this to send a signal through the half inside the sky shark to open up the clouds. Afterwards, the half not in the shark is left with Kazran Sardick. The Doctor tells Kazran that he can call him for help using the Sonic; though Kazran declines to do so. The Doctor had duplicates of this screwdriver, which he continued to use throughout his travels.

In "[[Let's Kill Hitler]]" (2011), it is explained that instead of having settings, this version operates through a psychic interface, basically doing whatever the user thinks of while pointing and holding down the button. This version of the screwdriver also appears, although never officially announced, to have a flashlight setting, as the Doctor is seen to have it emitting a continuous glow while not uttering the classic sonic noise. Also in the episode, the Doctor uses another modified version of his sonic, which he calls a "Sonic Cane". It is similar to a Tuxedo cane, except the top replaced with the upper portion of his screwdriver, with a metal ball cut in fourths attached to the claws.

Ahead of the 50th anniversary special, a mini-episode entitled "[[The Night of the Doctor]]" (2013) was produced in which the Eighth Doctor uses the sonic screwdriver twice. The Doctor uses his telescopic screwdriver previously seen in the [[Doctor Who (film)|TV movie]], rather than his updated steampunk version which had been used in numerous [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]] audio dramas.

For the 50th anniversary special, "[[The Day of the Doctor]]" (2013), another version was seen in the hands of John Hurt's [[War Doctor]]. The design was similar to the one used by Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor. This time the halo and bullet tip had been removed, replaced by a red light as well as a large red dial added to the base. Character Options released a version of this sonic screwdriver on 23 November 2013 at London's ExCel labelling it "The Other Doctor's Sonic".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://merchandise.thedoctorwhosite.co.uk/doctor-who-london-excel-convention-pictures/|title=Doctor Who London Excel Convention Pictures|work=The Doctor Who Site}}</ref> It was established as a plot point in that episode that the sonic screwdrivers employed by various Doctor incarnations all use the same software, something the War Doctor exploited by running a calculation over a course of several centuries with the Tenth and Eleventh Doctors seeing the calculation completed through their models. It is also directly implied after the fact that the sonic screwdriver has actually been a part of every doctor's retinue, despite its disappearance for doctors six & seven; the Tenth Doctor says to the Gallifreyan high command, as all thirteen doctors are about to change history by saving the planet, that the calculations for doing what's about to be done have been "running all my lives." In addition, when combined, the screwdrivers of the War, Tenth, and Eleventh Doctor could create a sonic force field blast to repel and destroy a Dalek.

"[[The Magician's Apprentice (Doctor Who)|The Magician's Apprentice]]" (2015) shows that the sonic screwdriver can create "an acoustic corridor" so that the [[Twelfth Doctor]] can communicate with a boy trapped in an extraterrestrial mine field.  However, when the Doctor discovers that the boy is actually a young [[Davros]], he abandons the boy, leaving the screwdriver behind, though it is revealed that he did save young Davros after all. Davros is shown to have kept the screwdriver in his possession ever since, and the Doctor tells [[Clara Oswald|Clara]] that he no longer has a screwdriver. By that time, the screwdriver had been withered and damaged by time and was seemingly useless.

==== Sonic sunglasses ====
In his first appearance at the beginning of [[Doctor Who (series 9)|series nine]] of ''Doctor Who'', the Doctor is seen wearing black [[Ray-Ban]] [[sunglasses]] ("[[The Magician's Apprentice (Doctor Who)|The Magician's Apprentice]]"), and he says that he no longer has his sonic screwdriver. Later, in "[[The Witch's Familiar]]", he unveils that the sunglasses are actually a wearable version of the screwdriver, claiming that he is "over" screwdrivers: "They spoil the line of your jacket." The glasses are used by the Doctor, and Clara on occasion, throughout the ninth series.

The sonic sunglasses appears to have the same basic functions as the traditional sonic screwdriver, such as scanning objects, while having features not seen before:

* Allowing the Doctor to hear people talking, even if they are several yards away and surrounded by loud noises ("The Magician's Apprentice").
* Reassembling the TARDIS after it has used its Hostile Action Dispersal System to avoid destruction by the [[Dalek]]s ("The Witch's Familiar").
* Creating and controlling a sophisticated hologram of the Doctor through a [[WiFi]] system ("[[Before the Flood (Doctor Who)|Before the Flood]]").
* Erasing alien encoding inside people's brains by having them don the glasses for a few minutes ("Before the Flood").
* Reading [[Internet]] pages and [[e-mail]] ("[[The Zygon Inversion]]" and "[[Extremis (Doctor Who)|Extremis]]").
* Communicating with [[Gallifrey]]an battle cruisers ("[[Hell Bent (Doctor Who)|Hell Bent]]").

The glasses appear to be more susceptible to damage than the screwdriver; in "[[The Girl Who Died]]", a [[Vikings|Viking]] warrior takes the glasses off the Doctor's face and easily breaks them in half. Nevertheless, the glasses continue to appear via replacement or repair until the end of the season. They return the following season during the Doctor's temporary period of blindness, showing the ability to scan his surroundings and transmit the information to his brain, as well as transmit any data recorded to them. However, while he is able to tell things about a person such as height, weight, gender, age, and even heart rate, he does not get enough detail to know faces, clothing, etc. ("Extremis") He was once able to tell that a person was holding a computer tablet, but not what was written on it, as well as 'see' a combination lock but not the numbers. ("[[The Pyramid at the End of the World]]") In his final adventure, the Doctor uses the glasses briefly to examine the Testimony interface, much to the confusion and irritation of the [[First Doctor]] ("[[Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who)|Twice Upon a Time]]").

=== 2015–2017 ===
In "[[Hell Bent (Doctor Who)|Hell Bent]]", the TARDIS gives the Doctor a brand new sonic screwdriver. The new screwdriver has a TARDIS-blue shaft with gold and silver highlights. The upper half is a rectangular light grid that, when switched on, has four different functions: green light with low-pitched sound, blue light with high-pitched sound, green lights that pulse with a pulsing sound, and a blue light chasing pattern with a pulsing sound. The new sonic screwdriver is meant to represent the TARDIS. The Doctor first uses it in "The Husbands of River Song" (although he also employs the sonic sunglasses earlier in the episode). The new screwdriver has seen use in the spin-off show ''[[Class (2016 TV series)|Class]]'', where the Doctor increases the voltage of flood lights to expel the Shadow Kin and partially close a rift in space-time. He is shown to have working copies of every version of the Sonic Screwdriver ever seen before in a cup on his desk in "The Pilot." Nardole uses the Fifth Doctor's version when sealing bulkhead doors to keep out Daleks later in the episode.

=== 2018–2022 ===
In "[[The Woman Who Fell to Earth]]", the [[Thirteenth Doctor]] is depicted constructing a new sonic screwdriver out of scrap metal and an orange glowing device from an alien travel capsule. She proudly proclaims that the new screwdriver is forged out of "Sheffield steel". This iteration of the sonic screwdriver glows throughout its body with an orange light when activated. It was destroyed by a Dalek in part seven of the [[Doctor Who Magazine]] comic strip "Liberation of the Daleks" while in the [[Fourteenth Doctor]]'s possession.

=== 2023 (60th Anniversary Specials) ===
A redesigned sonic screwdriver, made of steel and brass with a long metal protrusion made its debut at [[San Diego Comic-Con]] on July 19, 2023. The screwdriver appears to be an amalgamation of different elements from the show such as the TARDIS Roundels, the Daleks' guns and the Master's Laser Screwdriver and was used by the [[Fourteenth Doctor]] in the 60th Anniversary Specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fourteenth Doctor's sonic screwdriver is available now {{!}} Doctor Who |url=https://www.doctorwho.tv/news-and-features/the-fourteenth-doctors-sonic-screwdriver-is-available-now |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=www.doctorwho.tv |language=en}}</ref>

In the first of the specials "[[The Star Beast (Doctor Who episode)|The Star Beast]]", this screwdriver is shown to have upgraded functionality, such as being able to draw out maps and graphs, and also being able to create energy shields to block a corridor.

The screwdriver plays no part in the second special "[[Wild Blue Yonder (Doctor Who)|Wild Blue Yonder]]", as the Doctor leaves it plugged into the TARDIS to help the machine repair; the TARDIS takes off by itself, with the screwdriver, shortly into the story.

=== 2023–present ===
In December 2023, a reinvention of the sonic screwdriver was introduced for the Fifteenth Doctor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who officially introduces Ncuti Gatwa's Sonic Screwdriver |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-ncuti-gatwa-sonic-newsupdate/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> The design is radically different from previous versions, with the shape now resembling a [[remote control]] rather than a screwdriver.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-Lowery |first=Nathan |date=2023-12-10 |title=Doctor Who Reveals Ncuti Gatwa's Sonic Screwdriver (& It Looks Wildly Different From Any Before) |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-sonic-screwdriver-ncuti-gatwa-image-video/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> Gatwa revealed a [[Gallifrey]]an script on the sonic, which translates to "the sharpness of the tongue defeats the sharpness of the warrior", a [[Rwanda]]n proverb.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Megan Garside |date=2023-12-11 |title=Doctor Who's Ncuti Gatwa's sonic screwdriver has a beautiful, hidden, message |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/doctor-who-ncuti-gatwa-sonic-screwdriver-hidden-message/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=gamesradar |language=en}}</ref> The sonic also contains a crystal power source and a "[[USB port|USB]]"-style port which allows it to be connected to other technologies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-10 |title=Doctor Who unveils Ncuti Gatwa's Sonic Screwdriver: A closer look at the Gallifreyan gadget |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/doctor-who-unveils-ncuti-gatwas-sonic-screwdriver-a-closer-look-at-the-gallifreyan-gadget/articleshow/105881933.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

According to Phil Sims, production designer, Davies initially expected that the Fifteenth Doctor would continue to use the previous [[Fourteenth Doctor]] sonic screwdriver, "the same way he'd inherit the TARDIS". Davies later changed his mind, believing it was important for "the new Doctor to have a new sonic". Michael van Kesteren, prop art director, said that he struggled to come up with a concept; adding that the team had been "quietly hoping not to have to do another one for a while", as the creation of the previous sonic was "such a complicated, time-consuming process". Sims opened it up as a "competition" to the art department, with the brief asking for it to be "funky", "something different" and not limited to "a stick that we point at people".<ref name="DWM599">{{Cite journal |last=Kirkley |first=Paul |title=Sonic Disruptors |journal=Doctor Who Magazine 599 |publication-date=4 January 2024 |volume=Panini UK |pages=36–37}}</ref> Davies was interested in changing the shape of the sonic as he worried that it looked too much like a gun:

{{Blockquote|text=This new Doctor for 2024, I worry that sometimes the old sonic starts to look like a gun — like a weapon that gets pointed like a weapon. And I wanted to just cool that down and check that out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sepinwall |first=Alan |date=2024-05-03 |title=The new Doctor checks in |url=https://alansepinwall.substack.com/p/the-new-doctor-checks-in |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=What's Alan Watching?}}</ref>|author=}}

He also wanted it to be "something every kid would want for Christmas".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kirkley |first=Paul |title=Designated 'Driver |journal=Doctor Who Magazine 594 |publisher=Panini UK |publication-date=17 August 2023 |issue=18}}</ref> Jason Davies-Redgrave, art department co-ordinator, wanted to think "as far out of the box" as he could, and sketched ideas based on a [[flip phone]], a pebble, and an "alien [[croissant]]". The sketches were divisive at first, with Joel Collins, executive producer, elaborating that "if you'd got out of bed on the wrong side, you might have looked at what Jason had drawn, gone 'what is that?', and thrown it in the corner". Davies strongly supported the sketches, specifically the sketch labelled 'Organic Pebble Teddy Bear version'. The art department's challenge was to translate the chosen sketch into a 3D-printed physical prop. The sonic was designed to be "fully-functioning" with [[touch control]]s. Initially, an "all-metal version" was considered, but deemed too expensive. The prop required around 50 component parts, a rechargeable battery, and elastic band technology.<ref name="DWM599" />