Editing Sorocaba (section)

==Geography==

===Location===
The city is located in the southeastern region of the state of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], 92&nbsp;km away from the state capital. The main highways are Castelo Branco (SP-280) and Raposo Tavares (SP-270). It straddles the [[Sorocaba River]], a tributary of the left bank of the [[Tiete river]]. The municipality of Sorocaba is located on the [[Tropic of Capricorn]], at latitude 23° 26 '16 " for the season of 2011, passes along the neighborhoods of Aparecidinha and Parque São Bento districts. At the junction of Highway José Ermírio José de Morais (SP-75) with the connection to the Raposo Tavares highway is a milestone signaling the Tropic. Among Brazil's largest cities (by population), Sorocaba is in 30th place. Sorocaba is among the major cities in São Paulo (population), is ranked ninth.

===Climate===
Sorocaba climate is subtropical, with the coldest month being July and warmest in January and February. Precipitation is around {{convert|1300|mm|1|abbr=in}}. According to [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]], Sorocaba can be classified as a [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]] climate, featuring a warm climate with summer rainfall and temperature in the warmest month ≥ {{convert|22|°C|0}}.

The climate table below shows the monthly mean temperatures, maximum and minimum recorded, rainfall and rainy days with monthly and annual averages for the period from 1 January 1995 to January 1, 2011 for the city of Sorocaba.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Sorocaba, elevation {{convert|598|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1961–2001)
|Jan record high C = 37.2
|Feb record high C = 37.4
|Mar record high C = 35.8
|Apr record high C = 34.2
|May record high C = 31.2
|Jun record high C = 29.7
|Jul record high C = 31.1
|Aug record high C = 34.1
|Sep record high C = 36.4
|Oct record high C = 37.8
|Nov record high C = 38.2
|Dec record high C = 36.2
|Jan record low C = 11.2
|Feb record low C = 13.9
|Mar record low C = 10.6
|Apr record low C = 5.5
|May record low C = 3.1
|Jun record low C = 2.0
|Jul record low C = 1.0
|Aug record low C = 1.2
|Sep record low C = 5.2
|Oct record low C = 8.5
|Nov record low C = 11.0
|Dec record low C = 12.6
|Jan high C = 	29.2
|Feb high C = 	30.0
|Mar high C = 	29.4
|Apr high C = 	27.6
|May high C = 	24.8
|Jun high C = 	23.9
|Jul high C = 	24.0
|Aug high C = 	25.8
|Sep high C = 	26.4
|Oct high C = 	27.8
|Nov high C = 	28.8
|Dec high C = 	29.1
| year high C = 	27.2
|Jan mean C = 	23.5
|Feb mean C = 	23.9
|Mar mean C = 	23.3
|Apr mean C = 	21.6
|May mean C = 	18.6
|Jun mean C = 	17.1
|Jul mean C = 	17.0
|Aug mean C = 	18.4
|Sep mean C = 	19.6
|Oct mean C = 	21.1
|Nov mean C = 	22.4
|Dec mean C = 	23.0
| year mean C = 	20.8
|Jan low C = 	19.6
|Feb low C = 	19.7
|Mar low C = 	19.1
|Apr low C = 	17.4
|May low C = 	14.1
|Jun low C = 	12.3
|Jul low C = 	12.0
|Aug low C = 	13.0
|Sep low C = 	14.7
|Oct low C = 	16.3
|Nov low C = 	17.7
|Dec low C = 	18.7
| year low C = 	16.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	284.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 	155.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 	142.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 	64.7
|May precipitation mm = 	82.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 	54.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 	55.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 	31.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 	67.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 	100.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 	131.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 	183.7
|year precipitation mm = 	1355.6
 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 	15
| Feb precipitation days = 	12
| Mar precipitation days = 	9
| Apr precipitation days = 	5
| May precipitation days = 	7
| Jun precipitation days = 	4
| Jul precipitation days = 	4
| Aug precipitation days = 	4
| Sep precipitation days = 	7
| Oct precipitation days = 	9
| Nov precipitation days = 	9
| Dec precipitation days =	13
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 	77.7
| Feb humidity = 	75.9
| Mar humidity = 	75.8
| Apr humidity = 	76.4
| May humidity = 	76.7
| Jun humidity = 	76.5
| Jul humidity = 	72.7
| Aug humidity = 	68.4
| Sep humidity = 	69.9
| Oct humidity = 	71.5
| Nov humidity = 	71.8
| Dec humidity = 	74.5
| year humidity =	74.0
|Jan sun = 	149.7
|Feb sun = 	161.4
|Mar sun = 	189.3
|Apr sun = 	180.2
|May sun = 	177.5
|Jun sun = 	166.8
|Jul sun = 	187.1
|Aug sun = 	202.0
|Sep sun = 	168.0
|Oct sun = 	177.9
|Nov sun = 	178.6
|Dec sun = 	161.4
|year sun = 	2099.9
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia<ref name=INMET>{{cite web
| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas
| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 21 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="bdmep.inmet.gov.br">{{cite web
| url= https://bdmep.inmet.gov.br/
| title=  Banco de dados meteorológicos
| publisher = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]] (INMET)
| language = Portuguese
|accessdate = 16 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Temp-mín-INMET">{{cite web
| url= http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/gera_serie_txt.php?&mRelEstacao=83851&btnProcesso=serie&mRelDtInicio=01/01/1961&mRelDtFim=31/12/2018&mAtributos=,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
| title=  BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura mínima (°C) - Sorocaba
| publisher = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]] (INMET)
| language = Portuguese
|accessdate = 16 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Temp-máx-INMET">{{cite web
|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/gera_serie_txt.php?&mRelEstacao=83851&btnProcesso=serie&mRelDtInicio=01/01/1961&mRelDtFim=31/12/2018&mAtributos=,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,
|title=BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura máxima (°C) - Sorocaba
| publisher = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]] (INMET)
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 16 February 2025}}</ref>
}}

===Land relief===
The terrain is classified as a wavy strands and characterized by local ridges, with an average altitude of 632 meters above the sea level. The highest altitude is 1028 meters, in the Serra de Sao Francisco. The lower altitude is 539 meters, in the valley of the [[Sorocaba River]]. Sorocaba is located on the edge of the Peripheral Depression of São Paulo state, in the Appalachian Fall Line, as defined by Professor [[Aziz Ab'Saber]]. This configuration is due to the fact Sorocaba lies at the boundary between the Atlantic Plateau, which covers the area of crystalline rocks, with higher relief and the rocks of the [[Parana' Basin|Parana Sedimentary Basin]] and gently rolling topography with lower altitudes. The [[Sorocaba River]] and its hydrographic basin are responsible for the relief dissection.

===Soil===
The soil is characterized as red-yellow podzolic type, with gravelly clay, heavy clay, Typic dark clayey; oxisol with clay loam. Lithosols also occur, which are usually developed with little depressions.

===Vegetation===
The original natural vegetation was the Atlantic Forest, with local regions in a Montana Tropical Rainforest. Predominate the savannah vegetation in various stages of secondary succession.

===Geology===
Sorocaba is located exactly on the limit between the sedimentary rocks of [[Parana Basin|Parana Sedimentary Basin]] (Itararé Group, in glacial and deltaic palaeoenvironments of Permian-Carboniferous age) and crystalline basement (Neoproterozoic). Important [[granite]] massifs are Sorocaba Massif (calc-alkaline I-Type) and São Francisco Massif (Subalkaline, A-Type). Metamorphic low grade rocks as phyllites, metacalcareous, metarenites, are marine metassediments are included in Sao Roque Group ([[Neoproterozoic]]) with structural trend northeast-southwest. The [[Ipanema Hill]] or [[Ipanema Hill|Araçoiaba Ridge]] is a prominent and isolated topographic elevation, it comprises ultrabasic-alkaline intrusion age ([[Mesozoic]], Early [[Cretaceous]]), remnant of ancient [[volcano]]. It was the first iron mine, [[ironworks]] and metallurgy of Brazil, [[Royal St. John of Ipanema Iron Foundry|Ipanema]]. The ore was exploited from [[magnetite]], probably associated to [[carbonatite]] body.