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Standard state
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=== Gases === The standard state for a gas is the hypothetical state it would have as a pure substance obeying the [[ideal gas equation]] at standard pressure. IUPAC recommends using a standard pressure ''p''<sup>⦡</sup> or P° equal to {{val|e=5|u=Pa}}, or 1 bar.<ref>{{GoldBookRef| file=S05921 | title = standard pressure}}</ref><ref name="libretext">{{cite web |title=Activities and their Effects on Equilibria |url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Solutions_and_Mixtures/Nonideal_Solutions/Activities_and_their_Effects_on_Equilibria |website=Chemistry LibreTexts |language=en |date=29 January 2016}}</ref> No real gas has perfectly ideal behavior, but this definition of the standard state allows corrections for non-ideality to be made consistently for all the different gases.
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