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Stochastic calculus
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== Stratonovich integral == {{main|Stratonovich integral}} The Stratonovich integral or Fisk–Stratonovich integral of a [[semimartingale]] <math>X</math> against another [[semimartingale]] ''Y'' can be defined in terms of the Itô integral as :<math>\int_0^t X_{s-} \circ d Y_s : = \int_0^t X_{s-} d Y_s + \frac{1}{2} \left [ X, Y\right]_t^c,</math> where [''X'', ''Y'']<sub>''t''</sub><sup>''c''</sup> denotes the optional [[Quadratic variation|quadratic covariation]] of the continuous parts of ''X'' and ''Y'', which is the optional quadratic covariation minus the jumps of the processes <math>X</math> and <math>Y</math>, i.e. :<math>\left [ X, Y\right]_t^c:= [X,Y]_t - \sum\limits_{s\leq t}\Delta X_s\Delta Y_s</math>. The alternative notation :<math>\int_0^t X_s \, \partial Y_s</math> is also used to denote the Stratonovich integral.
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