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Stone pine
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==Distribution and habitat== The prehistoric range of ''Pinus pinea'' included North Africa in the Sahara Desert and [[Maghreb]] regions during [[African humid period|a more humid climate period]], in present-day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. Its contemporary natural range is in the [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub]] [[biome]] [[ecoregion]]s and countries, including the following: ;Southern Europe: [[Image:Pinus pinea Doñana 1.jpg|thumb|''Pinus pinea'', [[Doñana National Park]] ([[Andalusia]], Spain)]] The [[Iberian conifer forests]] ecoregion of the Iberian Peninsula in Spain and Portugal; the [[Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests]] ecoregion in France and Italy; the [[Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests]] ecoregion of southern Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia; the [[Illyrian deciduous forests]] of the eastern coast of the [[Ionian Sea|Ionian]] and [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic Seas]] in [[Albania]] and [[Croatia]]; the [[Crimean Submediterranean forest complex]] ecoregion on Krasnodar Krai (Russia) and the Crimea Peninsula; and the Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests ecoregion of the southern Balkan Peninsula in Greece. In many parts of northern Italy, large parks with pine trees were laid out by the sea. Examples are the Pineta of [[Jesolo]] and [[Barcola]], the Urban Beach of Trieste. In Greece, although the species is not widely distributed,<ref>{{cite web|last=Earle|first=Christopher J.|title=Pinus pinea|url=http://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_pinea.php|work=The Gymnosperm database|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> an extensive stone pine forest exists in western [[Peloponnese]] at Strofylia<ref>{{cite web|title=Strofylia – Greece|url=http://www.factsproject.eu/pilotprojects/strofylia/Pages/default.aspx|work=F:ACTS!|access-date=23 July 2013|archive-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061120/http://www.factsproject.eu/pilotprojects/strofylia/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> on the peninsula separating the Kalogria Lagoon from the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. This coastal forest is at least {{convert|8|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=off}} long, with dense and tall stands of ''Pinus pinea'' mixed with ''[[Pinus halepensis]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=GR098 Kalogria lagoon, Strofilia forest, and Lamia marshes|url=http://www.ornithologiki.gr/page_iba.php?aID=98&loc=en|publisher=Hellenic Ornithological Society|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> Currently, ''P. halepensis'' is outcompeting stone pines in many locations of the forest.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ganatsas|first=Petros|title=Pinus halepensis invasion in Pinus pinea habitat|url=http://users.auth.gr/pgana/files/Ganatsas_Thanasis_2009.pdf|work=Journal for Nature Conservation|publisher=Elsevier|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> Another location in Greece is at [[Koukounaries]] on the northern Aegean island of [[Skiathos]] at the southwest corner of the island. This is a half-mile-long dense stand of stone and Aleppo pines that lies between a lagoon and the [[Aegean Sea]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://filotis.itia.ntua.gr/biotopes/c/GR1430003/ |title=NatureBank – Βιότοπος NATURA – SKIATHOS: KOUKOUNARIES KAI EVRYTERI THALASSIA PERIOCHI |trans-title=NatureBank – NATURA Habitat – SKIATHOS: KOUKOUNARIES AND WIDER MARINE AREA |website=filotis.itia.ntua.gr}}</ref> ;Western Asia: [[Image:Mar Shaayah Monastery (4039803822).jpg|thumb|Stone pine forests in [[Brummana]], [[Lebanon]]]] In Western Asia, the [[Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests]] ecoregion in Turkey; and the Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests ecoregion in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and in the Palestinian Territories. ;Northern Africa The [[Mediterranean woodlands and forests]] ecoregion of North Africa, in Morocco and Algeria. ;South Africa In the [[Western Cape]] Province, the pines were according to legend planted by the [[French Huguenot]] refugees who settled at the Cape of Good Hope during the late 17th century and who brought the seeds with them from France. The tree is known in the [[Afrikaans]] language as ''kroonden''.
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