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=== Discovery of strontium === In 1790, [[Adair Crawford]], a doctor, recognised that the Strontian ores exhibited different properties to those normally seen with other "heavy spars" sources.<ref>Adair Crawford (1790) "On the medicinal properties of the muriated barytes," ''Medical Communications'' (London), vol. 2, pp. 301β359.</ref> He concluded "... it is probable indeed, that the Scottish mineral is a new species of earth which has not hitherto been sufficiently examined". The new mineral was named ''strontites'' in 1793 by [[Thomas Charles Hope]], a professor of chemistry at the University of Glasgow.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Charles Hope | first1 = Thomas | year = 1798 | title = Account of a mineral from Strontian and of a particular species of earth which it contains | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1428672| journal = Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh | volume = 4 | issue = 2| pages = 3β39 | doi=10.1017/s0080456800030726| s2cid = 251579302 }}</ref><ref> {{cite journal | author = Murray, T. | year = 1993 | title = Elemementary Scots: The Discovery of Strontium | journal = Scottish Medical Journal | volume = 38 | pages = 188β189 | pmid = 8146640 | issue = 6 | doi = 10.1177/003693309303800611 | s2cid = 20396691 }} </ref> He confirmed the earlier work of Crawford and recounted: "... Considering it a peculiar earth I thought it necessary to give it an name. I have called it Strontites, from the place it was found; a mode of derivation in my opinion, fully as proper as any quality it may possess, which is the present fashion". The element was eventually isolated by Sir [[Humphry Davy]] in 1808 by the [[electrolysis]] of a mixture containing [[strontium chloride]] and [[mercuric oxide]], and announced by him in a lecture to the Royal Society on 30 June 1808.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Davy | first1 = H | year = 1808 | title = Electro-chemical researches on the decomposition of the earths; with observations on the metals obtained from the alkaline earths, and on the amalgam procured from ammonia | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=102 | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London | volume = 98 | pages = 333β370 | doi=10.1098/rstl.1808.0023| doi-access = free | bibcode = 1808RSPT...98..333D | url-access = subscription }}</ref> In keeping with the naming of the other alkaline earths, he changed the name to ''strontium''.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.lochaber-news.co.uk/Home/Features/Times-Past/Strontian-gets-set-for-anniversary-2644.htm | title = Strontian gets set for anniversary | publisher = Lochaber News | date = 19 June 2008 }} </ref><ref> {{cite journal | last = Weeks | first = Mary Elvira | author-link = Mary Elvira Weeks | title = The discovery of the elements: X. The alkaline earth metals and magnesium and cadmium | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | year = 1932 | volume = 9 | pages = 1046–1057 | doi = 10.1021/ed009p1046 | issue = 6 | bibcode = 1932JChEd...9.1046W }} </ref><ref> {{cite journal | last = Partington | first = J.R. | title = The early history of strontium | journal = Annals of Science | year = 1942 | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 157β166 | doi = 10.1080/00033794200201411 <!-- The google book https://books.google.com/books?id=LagWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA139 could help with original literature--> }} </ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = (1) Martin Heinrich Klaproth, "Chemische Versuche ΓΌber die Strontianerde" (Chemical experiments on strontian ore), ''Crell's Annalen'' (September 1793) no. ii, pp. 189β202; and "Nachtrag zu den Versuchen ΓΌber die Strontianerde" (Addition to the Experiments on Strontian Ore), ''Crell's Annalen'' (February 1794) no. i, p. 99; also (2) Richard Kirwan (1794) "Experiments on a new earth found near Stronthian in Scotland | journal = The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy | volume = 5 | pages = 243β256 }}</ref> While several elements have been discovered there, strontium is the only element named after a place in the United Kingdom. The first large-scale application of strontium was in the production of sugar from [[sugar beet]]. Although a crystallisation process using strontium hydroxide was patented by [[Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut]] in 1849<ref> {{cite book | title = Metalle in der Elektrochemie | author = Fachgruppe Geschichte Der Chemie, Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker | year = 2005 | pages = 158β162 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xDkoAQAAIAAJ&q=dubrunfaut+strontium }} </ref> the large-scale introduction came with the improvement of the process in the early 1870s. The German sugar industry [[Strontian process|used the process]] well into the 20th century. Prior to [[World War I]] the beet sugar industry used 100,000 to 150,000 tons of strontium hydroxide for this process per year.<ref> {{cite book | last = Heriot | first = T. H. P. | title = Manufacture of Sugar from the Cane and Beet | year = 2008 | chapter = strontium saccharate process | publisher = Read Books | isbn = 978-1-4437-2504-0 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-vd_cn4K8NUC&pg=PA341 }} </ref>
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