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Structural engineering
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===Timeline=== [[File:Galileo Galilei by Ottavio Leoni Marucelliana (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright| [[Galileo Galilei]] published the book ''[[Two New Sciences]]'' in which he examined the failure of simple structures.]] [[File:Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg|thumb|upright| [[Isaac Newton]] published ''[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'', which contains his [[Newton's laws of motion|laws of motion]].]] [[File:Leonhard Euler 2.jpg|thumb|upright| [[Leonhard Euler]] developed the theory of [[buckling]] of columns.]] * 1452–1519 [[Leonardo da Vinci]] made many contributions. * 1638: [[Galileo Galilei]] published the book ''[[Two New Sciences]]'' in which he examined the failure of simple structures. * 1660: [[Hooke's law]] by [[Robert Hooke]]. * 1687: [[Isaac Newton]] published ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'', which contains his [[Newton's laws of motion|laws of motion]]. * 1750: [[Euler–Bernoulli beam equation]]. * 1700–1782: [[Daniel Bernoulli]] introduced the principle of [[virtual work]]. * 1707–1783: [[Leonhard Euler]] developed the theory of [[buckling]] of columns. * 1826: [[Claude-Louis Navier]] published a treatise on the elastic behaviors of structures. * 1873: [[Carlo Alberto Castigliano]] presented his dissertation "Intorno ai sistemi elastici", which contains [[Castigliano's method|his theorem]] for computing displacement as the partial derivative of the strain energy. This theorem includes the method of "least work" as a special case. * 1874: [[Otto Mohr]] formalized the idea of a statically indeterminate structure. * 1922: [[Stephen Timoshenko|Timoshenko]] corrects the [[Euler–Bernoulli beam theory|Euler–Bernoulli beam equation]]. * 1936: [[Hardy Cross]]' publication of the moment distribution method, an important innovation in the design of continuous frames. * 1941: [[Alexander Hrennikoff]] solved the discretization of plane elasticity problems using a lattice framework. * 1942: [[Richard Courant]] divided a domain into finite subregions. * 1956: J. Turner, R. W. Clough, H. C. Martin, and L. J. Topp's paper on the "Stiffness and Deflection of Complex Structures" introduces the name "[[finite-element method]]" and is widely recognized as the first comprehensive treatment of the method as it is known today.
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