Editing Subartu (section)

==Language==
{{Infobox language
| name             = Subarian
| altname          = Subarean, Subaraean
| states           = Subartu
| region           = [[Near East]]
| extinct          = 1st millenium BC
| familycolor      = Caucasian
| fam1             = [[Hurro-Urartian languages|Hurro-Urartian]]
| fam2             = [[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]?
| iso3             = none
| glotto           = none
| ethnicity        = Subarians
}}
The Sumerian mythological epic ''[[Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta]]'' lists the countries where the "languages are confused" as Subartu, [[Hamazi]], [[Sumer]], Uri-ki ([[Akkadian Empire|Akkad]]), and the Martu land (the [[Amorites]]). The terms referring to the language used in Subartu are known as Subarean, Subaraean or Subarian.<ref name="Gelb"/> To this day it is uncertain what the Akkadian and Sumerian terms for Subartu refer to and it is believed it could refer to [[Hurrian language|Hurrian]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Streck, Michael P|title="Subaräisch."|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/subarean-e1124790#}}</ref> It was also generally believed early on by experts such as [[Ephraim Avigdor Speiser]] and [[:fr:Arthur Ungnad|Arthur Ungnad]] that Subarean referred to Hurrian, but [[Ignace Gelb]] believes they were both independent of each other.<ref name="Gelb"/> Ignace also mentioned there wasn't enough evidence about Subarian.<ref name="Gelb"/> The evidence we have for the language are Subarian names and possibly some words that late [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] syllabaries said were used in Subartu.<ref name="Gelb">{{cite book|title=Hurrians and Subarians|author=[[Ignace Gelb]]|access-date=2025-03-23|date=1944|url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc22.pdf}}</ref> 

It was also believed at the time that the Subarian language concealed languages like [[Gutian language|Gutian]] and [[Lullubi#Language|Lullubian]].<ref name="Wegner"/> But, in the modern day, the Hurrian language is described by the Sumerians and Babylonians as Subarian<ref name="Wegner">{{cite book|title=Introduction to the Hurrian Language|author=[[:de:Ilse Wegner|Ilse Wegner]]|access-date=2025-04-09|page=6|date=2000|url=https://webpages.uidaho.edu/mhedman/translation/Hurrian_122608_2.pdf}}</ref> and for modern historians, it is considered an obsolete tern similar to Mitannian.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor|author=Roger D. Woodard|access-date=2025-04-15|page=82|date=10 April 2008|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-139-46933-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-f_jwCgmeUC|quote=Other terms for the language are obsolete – Mitanni (based on the name of a country in Upper Mesopotamia); Subarian (based on the geographical term Subir, Subartu).}}</ref> There is also a belief that Subarian was one of the [[Hurro-Urartian languages]] that was different from Hurrian as the Subarians established themselves earlier into [[Anatolia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Indo-European issue: 4. The Age of the Subarians|author=Sören G Lindgren|access-date=2025-04-09|date=2018-09-23|url=https://hypertexter.se/IE_issue_4.htm}}</ref>