Editing Sunpadh (section)

== Revolt ==
{{Main Article|Sunpadh Rebellion}} 
Following the betrayal and subsequent death of the Iranian general [[Abu Muslim]] by the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] [[caliph]] [[al-Mansur]] (r. 754–775) in 755, the enraged Sunpadh revolted. He captured the cities of Nishapur, [[Qumis, Iran|Qumis]], and [[Ray, Iran|Ray]], and was called ''"Firuz [[ispahbadh]]"'' ("the victorious ''ispahbadh''"). At Ray, he seized the treasuries of Abu Muslim.{{sfn|McAuliffe|1995|p=44}} Most of his supporters were from [[Jibal]] and [[Tabaristan]]—the [[Dabuyid dynasty|Dabuyid]] ruler, [[Khurshid of Tabaristan|Khurshid]] (r. 740–760), supported the anti-Abbasid rebellion of Sunpadh, and was in return given a part of Abu Muslim's treasure. 

According to [[Nizam al-Mulk]], [[Ibn al-Athir]], and [[Mīr-Khvānd|Mirkhvand]], Sunpadh swore to march on [[Mecca]] and destroy the [[Kaaba]]. However, according to [[Patricia Crone]], this is unlikely, who says "the idea that he should have rushed off in anger from Nishapur in order singlehandedly to bring down the caliphate and Islam is absurd."{{sfn|Crone|2012|p=38}} Other sources state that Sunpadh declared himself as a prophet, and disagreed on Abu Muslim's death, claiming to be his mediator. Sunpadh allegedly further preached that "Abu Muslim has not died, and when Mansur meant to slay him, he chanted God's great name, turned into a white dove and flew away. Now he is standing with [[Mahdi]] and [[Mazdak]] in a castle of copper and they shall emerge by and by." This, however, is a misrepresentation of Sunpadh, whose intention by revolting, was most likely to remove the Muslims from power.{{sfn|Crone|2012|p=38}}

A force of 10,000 Abbasid troops under Jahwar ibn Marrar al-Ijli was shortly sent towards Sunpadh—they clashed between [[Hamadan]] and Ray, where Sunpadh was defeated and routed.{{sfn|McAuliffe|1995|p=45}} According to the historian [[Ibn Isfandiyar]], countless of Abu Muslim's and Sunpadh's supporters were killed in the defeat that their bones were still noticeable in 912.{{sfn|Crone|2012|p=36}} Sunpadh then fled to Tabaristan, but was killed there by one of Khurshid's cousins, ostensibly because he had failed to show the man proper respect. It is possible, however, that the murder was instigated by Khurshid, in the hope of acquiring the remainder of Abu Muslim's treasure.{{sfn|Pourshariati|2017|pp=314–315}}