Editing Tachograph (section)

== Regulations ==
For reasons of public safety, many jurisdictions have limits on the working hours of drivers of certain vehicles, such as buses and trucks. A tachograph can be used to monitor this and ensure that appropriate breaks are taken.

=== In Germany (historical) ===
The ''Verkehrs-Sicherungs-Gesetz'' (German Traffic Safety Law) of 19 December 1952, made tachographs mandatory in Germany for all commercial vehicles weighing over 7.5 tonnes.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} Since 23 March and 23 December 1953, all new commercial vehicles and buses must be equipped with the device per law ''Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung'' § 57a.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Tachographs are mandatory for vehicles allowed to carry a total weight of over 3.5 tonnes and vehicles built to carry at least 9 passengers, if the vehicle is used for commercial purposes. They are used to review the driving and rest time of drivers during reviews by traffic standards organizations or accident investigation. A driver must carry the tachograph records with him for all days of the current week and the last day of the previous week that he drove. Companies must keep the records for 1 year. In Germany, § 16 of the work time regulations lengthens this time to 2 years if the records will be used as proof of work time.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

===Russia===
In Russia, buses with more than 8 seats and trucks with a permitted gross weight of more than 3.5 tons (Order of the [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Ministry of Transport of Russia]] dated 13 February 2013, No. 36) must be equipped with tachographs in order to ensure safe conditions.<ref>Приказ Минтранса России от 13.02.2013 N 36</ref> A tachograph is mandatory for vehicles of class M2, M3, N2, N3.<ref>Приказ Минтранса России от 13 февраля 2013 года № 36</ref> Vehicles must be equipped with on-board monitoring devices in accordance with regulatory documents.<ref>Приказ Минтранса России от 13 февраля 2013 года № 36</ref>

From 1 April 2014, in the absence of a tachograph, fines will be applied to the following types of transport: - buses with more than 8 seats; - vehicles used to transport [[dangerous goods]]; — According to the order of the Ministry of Transport dated 17 December 2013 No. 470, Moscow "On Amendments to the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 13 February 2013 No. 36", penalties will be applied to freight vehicles with a gross weight of over 15 tons engaged in intercity transportation starting 1 July 2014, penalties will be applied to freight vehicles with a gross weight of over 12 tons engaged in intercity transportation starting 1 September 2014, and penalties will be applied to freight vehicles with a gross weight of over 3.5 tons engaged in intercity transportation starting 1 April 2015.

Russian tachographs use a cryptographic information protection tool (CIPF). Requirements for the use of the CIPF unit as part of tachographs are established by Order of the [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Ministry of Transport of Russia]] No. 36 dated 13.02.2013.

====Digital tachograph====
[[File:ISAAC InControl - Electronic on-board recorder (EOBR) - ISAAC Instruments inc.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Digital tachograph]]
Digital tachographs appeared in Russia on 16 June 2010 (digital tachographs appeared before the specified date). Starting from 16 June 2010, the Russian Federation was supposed to implement the European digital tachography system on its territory for international transportation, but by that date the digital tachography infrastructure was not ready, as was the case in a number of other countries, as a result the first AETR digital tachograph cards were issued at the end of 2010 in accordance with the international agreement of the countries that joined the AETR. Before that date, no later than 3 months, all interested parties (drivers, inspectors, mechanics, administrators of motor transport enterprises) must be provided with special cards.

Unlike analogue devices, the disks of which were easily counterfeited, this device cannot be opened or the recorded information changed in any way. All information is recorded on an individual driver card and transmitted to the central computer of the motor transport enterprise.

Since 23 January 2012, the tachograph in Russia has become mandatory for installation and use when transporting passengers and dangerous goods. This is evidenced by the Technical Regulations on the Safety of Wheeled Vehicles in the latest edition. And since 1 April 2013, the presence of a digital tachograph has become mandatory for all wheeled transport owned by [[Types of legal entities in Russia|legal entities and individual entrepreneurs]] (including [[GAZelle]]s and taxis), which is in operation on the territory of Russia, as reported in [[Law of Russia|Federal Law]] No. 78-FZ adopted on 14 June 2012 (Article 1 and Article 12).

In accordance with Order No. 36 dated 13.02.13 of the [[Ministry of Transport (Russia)|Ministry of Transport of Russia]], the following categories and types of vehicles issued for circulation and in operation on the territory of the Russian Federation are equipped with tachographs:

*Vehicles used to carry passengers, having, in addition to the driver's seat, more than eight seats, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 5 tons (category M2);
*Vehicles used to carry passengers, having, in addition to the driver's seat, more than eight seats, the maximum mass of which exceeds 5 tons (category M3);
*Vehicles intended to carry goods, having a maximum mass of over 3.5 tons, but not more than 12 tons (category N2);
*Vehicles intended to carry goods, having a maximum mass of over 12 tons (category N3).

On 16 December 2015, the Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia No. 348 was published, which amends order No. 273. Order No. 348 changes the deadline for equipping vehicles of categories N2, N3, M2, M3 with digital tachographs. Now vehicles must be equipped with digital tachographs by 1 July 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512180017|title = Приказ Минтранса России от 02.12.2015 N 348 "О внесении изменений в Порядок оснащения транспортных средств тахографами, утвержденный приказом Министерства транспорта Российской Федерации от 21 августа 2013 г. N 273" (Зарегистрировано в Минюсте России 16.12.2015 N 40118)|author = |date = |publisher = |access-date = 2016-02-28|archive-date = 2016-03-05|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305181125/http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512180017|url-status = live}}</ref>

=== European Union ===
<!--[[AETR]] redirects to this section-->
[[European Economic Community|EEC]] regulation 3821/85  on recording equipment in road transport<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31985R3821:EN:HTML EUR-Lex – 31985R3821 – EN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> from 20 December 1985 made tachographs mandatory throughout the EEC as of 29 September 1986. (Regulation 1463/70 amended by regulation 2828/77 made tachographs mandatory by 1 July 1979, reference to these regulations can be found in Regulation 3821/85).

A "European arrangement in regard to the work of driving personnel engaged in international traffic" (AETR, from French {{Lang|fr|Accord Européen sur les Transports Routiers}}) became effective on 31 July 1985.

[[EU Regulation 561/2006|Regulation 561/2006/EC]] of the European Union, adopted on 11 April 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32006R0561:EN:HTML|title=L_2006102EN.01000101.xml|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> specified the [[Drivers' working hours|driving and rest times]] of professional drivers. These time periods can be checked by the employers, police and other authorities with the help of the tachograph. Regulation (EU) 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on tachographs in road transport, issued on 4 February 2014, repealed Regulation 3821/85 and amended Regulation 561/2006.<ref>Lexparency.org, [https://lexparency.org/eu/32014R0165/ Regulation No. (EU) 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 February 2014 on tachographs in road transport], accessed 21 April 2023</ref> The 2014 regulation introduced the specification for a so-called "smart" tachograph.<ref name=smart>Croner-i, [https://app.croneri.co.uk/feature-articles/new-tachograph-regulations New tachograph regulations], last reviewed 4 March 2016, accessed 21 April 2023</ref> A "smart" tachograph records the position of a vehicle automatically via a [[global navigation satellite system]] at the places where the daily working period begins and ends, and at every three hour interval of accumulated driving.<ref name=smart />
[[File:Taśma tachografu pojazdu szynowego.jpg|thumb|Data recording, (Hasler Bern RT-9) on tape, analog tachograph]]