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Technocracy movement
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==Origins== The technocratic movement has its origins with the progressive engineers of the early twentieth century and the writings of [[Edward Bellamy]],<ref name="HenryEl" >{{cite book | last=Elsner | first=Henry Jr. | title = The Technocrats: Prophets of Automation | publisher = Syracuse University | year = 1967 }}</ref> along with some of the later works of [[Thorstein Veblen]] such as [[The Engineers and the Price System|''The'' ''Engineers And The Price System'']] written in 1921.<ref name=autogenerated1>Donald R. Stabile, Veblen and the Political Economy of the Engineer: the radical thinker and engineering leaders came to technocratic ideas at the same time, ''American Journal of Economics and Sociology'', Vol, 45, No. 1, 1986, pp. 43-44.</ref><ref>Janet Knoedler and Anne Mayhew. [http://hope.dukejournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/31/2/255 Thorstein Veblen and the Engineers: A Reinterpretation] ''History of Political Economy'' 1999 Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 255-272.</ref><ref>Frank Fischer (1990). ''Technocracy and the Politics of Expertise'', Sage Publications, p. 84.</ref> William H. Smyth, a California engineer, invented the word ''technocracy'' in 1919 to describe "the rule of the people made effective through the agency of their servants, the scientists and engineers",<ref>[[Barry Jones (Australian politician)|Barry Jones]] (1995, fourth edition). ''Sleepers, Wake! Technology and the Future of Work'', Oxford University Press, p. 214.</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Raymond| first = Allen | author-link = Raymond Allen (author) | title = What is Technocracy? | McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., LTD. | year = 1933 }}</ref> and in the 1920s it was used to describe the works of Thorstein Veblen.<ref name=Akin1977/> Early technocratic organizations formed after the [[First World War]]. These included [[Henry Gantt]]’s "The New Machine" and Veblen’s "Soviet of Technicians". These organizations folded after a short time.<ref name=Akin1977>{{cite book | last = Akin | first = William E. | author-link = William E. Akin | title = Technocracy and the American Dream: The Technocrat Movement, 1900-1941 | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1977 | url = https://archive.org/details/technocracyameri0000akin | isbn = 0-520-03110-5 | url-access = registration }}</ref> Writers such as Henry Gantt, Thorstein Veblen, and Howard Scott suggested that businesspeople were incapable of reforming their industries in the public interest and that control of industry should thus be given to engineers.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529596/Howard-Scott|title=Howard Scott|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>
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