Editing Teide (section)

==Geography==
===Location===
Teide is located on Tenerife, the largest island of the Canary Islands, situated in the Atlantic Ocean, {{cvt|290|km|mi}} northwest of the coast of [[Western Sahara]]. The volcano is located in a central position on the Tenerife island. Administratively, the Canary Islands are a Spanish autonomous community. Teide itself is located within the commune of [[La Orotava]] in the [[province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife]].<ref name=whproposal>{{cite book|language=en|author1=Gobierno de Canarias|author2=Ministerio de Medio Ambiente|title=Proposal to inscribe Teide National Park on the World Heritage List|year=2006|url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1258.pdf|pages=10–12|access-date=March 31, 2024|archive-date=March 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331025218/https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1258.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Topography===
[[File:Mirador ucanca.jpg|thumb|Teide (right) and Pico Viejo (left)]]
Before reliable measurements were available, Teide was considered by Europeans to be the highest mountain on Earth for a long time. With a height of {{cvt|3715|m|ft}}, it is the highest point in Spain and the Atlantic Ocean.<ref name=wovo>{{cite web|url=http://www.wovo.org/1803.html|website=World Organization of Volcano Observatories|title=Canary Island Volcano Monitoring Program|language=en|date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223134243/http://www.wovo.org/1803.html|archive-date=23 February 2017}}.</ref> If it is measured from the ocean floor, it surpasses {{cvt|7000|m|ft}}, making it the third highest volcanic structure in the world after [[Mauna Loa]] and [[Mauna Kea]], both on the island of [[Hawaii]].<ref name=carratroll>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/835630472|title=Teide volcano : geology and eruptions of a highly differentiated oceanic stratovolcano|date=2013|publisher=Springer|editor1=J. C. Carracedo|editor2=V. R. Troll|isbn=978-3-642-25893-0|location=Berlin|oclc=835630472}}</ref>

[[File:Summit of Teide Volcano on Tenerife in Canary Islands - 2023-06-20 09h5312.jpg|thumb|''El Pitón'', a small volcanic cone at the summit of Teide]]
The formation of the mountain is marked by its long and complex volcanic history. It rests on the [[Las Cañadas]] caldera, an asymmetric depression {{cvt|15|km|mi}} in diameter in the form of a horseshoe which opens to the north. The floor of the caldera varies from {{cvt|2000|to|2200|m|ft}} in altitude, although its sides in the south rise to {{cvt|2717|m|ft}}, the level of [[Mount Guajara]]. To the north, the slopes of Teide continue directly to the ocean, with a break in the slope at around {{cvt|2000|m|ft}}. The volcano of Teide itself can be described as a [[volcanic cone]] {{cvt|8|km|mi}} in diameter at its base, with quite steep slopes, approximately 20 to 40° for a total volume of {{cvt|150|to|200|km3}}.<ref name="Girault">{{cite book|language=fr|first1=François|last1=Girault|first2=Philippe|last2=Bouysse|first3=Jean-Philippe|last3=Rançon|title=Volcans vus de l'espace|location=Paris|publisher=[[Nathan (publisher)|Nathan]]|year=1998|pages=21–23|isbn=2-09-260829-0}}.</ref> The summit is marked by a small volcanic cone, about {{cvt|150|m|ft}} high, named {{lang|es|El Pitón}},<ref name="Arnay_de_la_ Rosa_et_al_2006">{{cite web | url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1258.pdf | title=Proposal to inscribe Teide National Park on the World Heritage List | publisher=[[Ministry of Environment (Spain)|Ministerio de Medio Ambiente]] / Gobierno de Canarias | date=18 January 2006 | accessdate=26 August 2024 | author=Arnay de la Rosa, M. |display-authors=etal | page=216}}</ref> which has a summit crater {{cvt|100|m|ft}} in diameter and {{cvt|30|m|ft}} deep. A secondary cone, named Pico Viejo emerges on the western slopes of the main peak; its crater is much larger, with a diameter of {{cvt|800|m|ft}} and a depth of {{cvt|140|m|ft}}. It rises to {{cvt|3414|m|ft}},<ref name="OAPN">{{cite book|language=es|author1=OAPN|title=Guía de visita Parque Nacional del Teide|year=2015|publisher=Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales |isbn=978-80-8414-883-2|url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/va/red-parques-nacionales/nuestros-parques/teide/guia-teide_tcm39-68119.pdf|access-date=March 31, 2024|archive-date=August 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811090739/https://www.miteco.gob.es/va/red-parques-nacionales/nuestros-parques/teide/guia-teide_tcm39-68119.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> but with a low [[prominence]], not more than {{cvt|100|m|ft}} higher than the slopes of the main volcano. On the outside of these two main peaks, the relief Teide also has some smaller formations, of which the most notable are {{lang|es|Roques Blancos}}, {{lang|es|Pico Cabras}}, and {{lang|es|Montaña Blanca}}, situated next to the base of Teide.<ref name=carratroll />

The slopes of Teide are covered in radial ravines. However, the majority of the ravines have been covered by recent lava flows, the {{lang|es|Lavas Negras}}, in particular the northern part. The main ravines, with prominence around {{cvt|100|m|ft}}, are located on the south slope: from east to west, the {{lang|es|Corredor Mario}}, {{lang|es|Corredor La Corbata}} and {{lang|es|Corredor La Bola}}.<ref name=carratroll />

[[File:Panorama Teide BW.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3.0|alt=To the left, the rock walls of the caldera; to the right the volcano and rocky formations with tourists at the first level.|Panorama of Teide from Los Roques de Garcia]]

[[File:Teide national park map (fr).svg|thumb|center|upright=2.0|Map of Teide and its caldera]]

===Climate===
[[File:Llano de Ucanca 01.jpg|thumb|left|Snow on the peaks of Teide]]

Despite their proximity to the Sahara, the Canary Islands have a relatively temperate climate. The [[sunshine duration]] is very high due to Teide's subtropical latitude and proximity to the [[Azores high]], as well as a very high [[UV index]] caused by the height of the peak (greater than 11 in the middle of the summer). This sunshine of around 3,450 h<ref name="OAPN" /> per year is partially compensated by the [[Canary current]], a relatively cold ocean current which makes the climate more temperate. The situation at the level of Teide and its caldera is very unlike the climate at its base. In effect, the climate of Tenerife is marked by an [[inversion (meteorology)|inversion layer]] around at an altitude of {{cvt|1000|m}}, isolating the high-altitude zones from ocean influences present at the lower altitudes. This leads to a more continental climate on Teide, with strong changes in temperature over the course of the day (typically on the order of 15 °C) and in the course of the year (with a range of -15 °C in winter to 30 °C in the summer).<ref name=whproposal />

[[File:Pico del Teide 04(js).jpg|thumb|Sea of clouds in the northern part of Tenerife, watering the leafy part of the island but leaving Teide and its caldera in an arid climate.]]

Humidity is also very affected by this inversion layer. The presence of the Azores high in the northwest of the Canaries in summer induces relatively constant winds ([[trade winds]]) blowing from the northeast to the southwest. These winds carry moisture across the Atlantic and deliver rain to the north of Tenerife, forming in particular a dense layer of clouds between {{cvt|800|and|1600|ft}} of altitude. But the inversion layer also stops these clouds from rising, and the climate is thus very dry below the level of Teide. The precipitation in the caldera is thus less than 500 mm per year, the majority falling in the winter, and in total, around one third in the form of snow. Variation can be quite high from one year to the next. Meanwhile the peak of Teide is covered by [[wave clouds]], forming the "hat of Teide" ({{lang|es|Toca del Teide}}) which was probably confused with signs of an eruption by sailors.<ref name="OAPN" /><ref name=carratroll />

{{Weather box
| location = Izaña [[Teide Observatory]] <small>(altitude: {{convert|2371|m|abbr=off}})</small>
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan high C = 7.5
| Feb high C = 8.0
| Mar high C = 10.2
| Apr high C = 11.8
| May high C = 14.5
| Jun high C = 18.9
| Jul high C = 23.0
| Aug high C = 22.6
| Sep high C = 18.6
| Oct high C = 14.3
| Nov high C = 11.1
| Dec high C = 8.8
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = 4.3
| Feb mean C = 4.7
| Mar mean C = 6.4
| Apr mean C = 7.6
| May mean C = 10.1
| Jun mean C = 14.4
| Jul mean C = 18.5
| Aug mean C = 18.2
| Sep mean C = 14.5
| Oct mean C = 10.6
| Nov mean C = 7.8
| Dec mean C = 5.6
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 1.1
| Feb low C = 1.3
| Mar low C = 2.7
| Apr low C = 3.5
| May low C = 5.8
| Jun low C = 9.9
| Jul low C = 14.0
| Aug low C = 13.8
| Sep low C = 10.4
| Oct low C = 6.9
| Nov low C = 4.5
| Dec low C = 2.4
| year low C = 
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 47
| Feb rain mm = 67
| Mar rain mm = 58
| Apr rain mm = 18
| May rain mm = 7
| Jun rain mm = 0
| Jul rain mm = 0
| Aug rain mm = 5
| Sep rain mm = 13
| Oct rain mm = 37
| Nov rain mm = 54
| Dec rain mm = 60
| Jan rain days = 4.5
| Feb rain days = 4.0
| Mar rain days = 4.1
| Apr rain days = 2.7
| May rain days = 1.1
| Jun rain days = 0.2
| Jul rain days = 0.1
| Aug rain days = 0.5
| Sep rain days = 1.6
| Oct rain days = 3.7
| Nov rain days = 4.4
| Dec rain days = 5.6
| unit rain days = 1.0 mm
| Jan humidity = 50
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 48
| Apr humidity = 45
| May humidity = 40
| Jun humidity = 32
| Jul humidity = 25
| Aug humidity = 30
| Sep humidity = 43
| Oct humidity = 55
| Nov humidity = 54
| Dec humidity = 52
| year humidity = 
| Jan sun = 226
| Feb sun = 223
| Mar sun = 260
| Apr sun = 294
| May sun = 356
| Jun sun = 382
| Jul sun = 382
| Aug sun = 358
| Sep sun = 295
| Oct sun = 259
| Nov sun = 220
| Dec sun = 218
| year sun = 
| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=C430E&k=coo|title=Standard Climate Values. Izaña }}</ref> (1981–2010)
| date = March 2018
}}