Editing Tempera (section)

==History==
[[File:Niccolò Semitecolo - Two Christians before the Judges.jpg|thumb|A [[1360s in art|1367]] tempera on wood by [[Niccolò Semitecolo]]]]
Tempera painting has been found on [[Ancient Egypt|early Egyptian]] [[sarcophagus]] decorations. Many of the [[Fayum mummy portraits]] use tempera, sometimes in combination with [[encaustic painting]] with melted wax, the alternative painting technique in the ancient world. It was also used for the murals of the 3rd century [[Dura-Europos synagogue]].

A related technique has been used also in ancient and early medieval paintings found in several caves and rock-cut temples of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Best/As/IndMedCavePaint.htm |title=Ancient and medieval Indian cave paintings – Internet encyclopedia, Wondermondo, June 10, 2010 |publisher=Wondermondo.com |date=2010-06-04 |access-date=2012-07-29}}</ref> High-quality art with the help of tempera was created in [[Bagh Caves]] between the late 4th and 10th centuries and in the 7th century in Ravan Chhaya rock shelter, Odisha.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/India/Orissa/RavanChhaya.htm |title=Ravan Chhaya rock shelter near Sitabinji, Wondermondo, May 23, 2010 |publisher=Wondermondo.com |date=2010-05-23 |access-date=2012-07-29}}</ref>

The [[Art techniques and materials|art technique]] was known from the classical world, where it appears to have taken over from [[encaustic painting]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} and was the main medium used for [[panel painting]] and [[illuminated manuscript]]s in the [[Byzantine]] world and [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] and [[Early Renaissance]] Europe. Tempera painting was the primary panel painting medium for nearly every painter in the European Medieval and Early renaissance period up to 1500. For example, most surviving panel paintings attributed to [[Michelangelo]] are executed in egg tempera, an exception being his ''[[Doni Tondo]]'' which uses both tempera and oil paint.

[[Oil painting|Oil paint]], which may have originated in [[Afghanistan]] between the 5th and 9th centuries<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSISL26042420080422 |title=World's oldest oil paintings in Afghanistan |publisher=Reuters.com |date=2008-04-22 |access-date=2012-07-29}}</ref> and migrated westward in the Middle Ages<ref>Theophilus mentions oil media in the 12th Century</ref> eventually superseded tempera. Oil replaced tempera as the principal medium used for creating artwork during the 15th century in [[Early Netherlandish painting]] in northern Europe. Around 1500, oil paint replaced tempera in Italy. In the 19th and 20th centuries, there were intermittent revivals of tempera technique in Western art, among the [[Pre-Raphaelites]], [[social realism|Social Realists]], and others. Tempera painting continues to be used in Greece and Russia where it is the traditional medium for [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[icons]].