Editing Tenpin bowling (section)

===Lanes===
{{See also | Bowling ball#Effect of lane characteristics on ball motion }}
[[File:20181228 Bowling lane WITH measurements.png|thumb | right | 350px | True scale diagram: In tenpin bowling lanes, the nearest pin is 60 feet from the foul line—more than 17 times the lane's 41.5-inch width.<ref name=USBCspecs/> The optical illusion of [[Perspective (graphical)#Foreshortening|foreshortening]] that a bowler experiences when standing on the approach causes pins to appear closer together and bowling ball angles of entry to appear more dramatic than they are in fact.{{sfn |Freeman |Hatfield |2018 |loc=Chapter 14 ("Applying Your Tools") }}{{sfn |Freeman |Hatfield |2018 |loc=Chapter 11 ("I was robbed!") }}]]
Tenpin bowling lanes are {{convert|60|ft|m|2}} from the foul line to the center of the head pin (1-pin), with guide arrows (aiming targets) about {{convert|15|ft|m|2}} from the foul line.<ref name=USBCspecs/> The lane is {{convert|41.5|in|m|2}} wide and has 39 wooden boards, or is made of a synthetic material with the 39 "boards" simulated using marking lines.<ref name=USBCspecs/> The approach has two sets of dots, respectively {{convert|12|ft|m|2}} and {{convert|15|ft|m|2}} behind the foul line, to help with foot placement.<ref name=USBCspecs/>

{{multiple image
| align=right | direction=horizontal | total_width = 350 | header={{gray|Oil patterns, with greater oil concentrations represented by darker blues<br><small>(Horizontal scale is compressed.)</small>}}
| image1   = 20190112 Typical house shot oil pattern on bowling lane.png
| width1   = 
| caption1 = Simplified THS (typical house shot): relatively dry areas on the sides, and more heavily lubricated areas surrounding the centerline, help to guide the ball toward the pocket.{{sfn |Freeman |Hatfield |2018 |loc=Chapter 15 ("Lane play")}}
| image2   = 20190112 Sport pattern - oil pattern on bowling lane.png
| width2   = 
| caption2 = Simplified sport pattern: a "flatter" (more even) distribution of oil across the lane presents a greater challenge to hit the pocket.{{sfn |Freeman |Hatfield |2018 |loc=Chapter 15 ("Lane play")}}
}}
Modern bowling lanes have oil patterns designed not only to shield the lanes from damage from bowling ball impacts, but to provide bowlers with different levels of challenge in achieving strikes. As illustrated, a typical house pattern (or THS, typical house shot) has drier outside portions that give bowling balls more friction to hook (curve) into the pocket, but heavier oil concentrations surrounding the centerline so that balls slide directly toward the pocket with less hooking.{{sfn |Freeman |Hatfield |2018 |loc=Chapter 15 ("Lane play") }} In the more challenging sport patterns used in tournaments and professional-level matches, a "flat" oil pattern—one with oil distributed more evenly from side to side—provides little assistance in guiding the ball toward the pocket, and is less forgiving with regard to off-target shots.{{sfn |Freeman |Hatfield |2018 |loc=Chapter 15 ("Lane play") }} The ratio of centerline oil concentration to side oil concentration (the ''oil ratio'') can exceed 10-to-1 for THSs but is restricted to 3-to-1 or less for sport shots.{{sfn |Freeman |Hatfield |2018 |loc=Chapter 15 ("Lane play") }}

Lane oils, also called lane conditioners, are composed of about 98% mineral oil that, with numerous additives, are designed to minimize [[Glossary of bowling#Breakdown|breakdown]] and [[Glossary of bowling#Carry-down|carry-down]] that would change ball reaction after repeated ball rolls.<ref name=BowlingBallComLaneOil2012/> Lane oils are characterized by different levels of [[viscosity]], with oils of higher viscosity (thicker consistency) being more durable but causing balls to slow and hook earlier than lower-viscosity oils.<ref name=BowlingBallComLaneOil2012>{{cite web |last1=Carrubba |first1=Rich |title=Bowling Lane Oil Facts |url=https://www.bowlingball.com/wordpress/bowling-lane-oil-facts |publisher=BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115185453/http://www.bowlingball.com/wordpress/bowling-lane-oil-facts |archive-date=November 15, 2015 |date=2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>