Editing Texas root rot (section)

== Environment ==
The highest concentrations of Texas root rot disease are found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, with cases also reported in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Percy|first=R.G.|date=1983|title=Potential range of ''Phymatotrichum omnivorum'' as determined by edaphic factors|journal=Plant Disease|volume=67|issue=9|pages=981–983|doi=10.1094/PD-67-981}}</ref> Texas root rot is caused by a pathogen that prefers [[alkali]]ne and [[calcareous]] soils (pH between 7-8.5), affording the potential for control via soil amendment.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Uppalapati|first=Srinivasa|date=2010|title=Phymatotrichum (cotton) root rot caused by ''Phymatotrichopsis omnivora'': retrospects and prospects|journal= [[Molecular Plant Pathology]] |volume=11|issue=3|pages=325–334|doi=10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00616.x|pmid=20447281|pmc=6640249}}</ref> Scientific research has discovered that both high precipitation and high temperatures (below {{convert|93|F}}) are further environmental enhancers for Texas root rot by increasing its [[virulence]].

The pathogen earned its common name because of the geographical area where it is most prevalent, the cotton-growing region of [[Texas]].<ref name=":7" /> Texas, an area located in the southern half of the [[United States]], receives an annual rainfall between {{convert|127|cm|in|0}} and less than {{convert|25|cm|in|0}}.<ref name=":6" /> Researchers collected data on Texas root rot virulence over 13 years at the [[Blackland Research center|Blackland Research Center]] using cotton plants infected with Texas root rot and found that virulence correlates somewhat with precipitation in the range of {{convert|36|-|100|cm|in|0}} of rainfall.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Jeger|first=MJ|date=1986|title=Epidemics of Phymatotrichum root rot (''Phymatotrichum omnivorum'') in cotton: environmental correlates of final incidence and forecasting criteria|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1986.tb03209.x|journal= [[Annals of Applied Biology]] |volume=109|issue=3|pages=325–334|doi=10.1111/j.1744-7348.1986.tb03209.x|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Higher virulence of Texas root rot was observed after large precipitation events.<ref name=":8" /> These experimental findings support the conclusion that Texas root rot preferentially develops in wet over dry soil conditions.<ref name=":8" /> The same study also found that virulence of Texas root rot develops inversely to air temperatures over 93 degrees Fahrenheit.<ref name=":8" />

The symptoms of Texas root rot are most severe during hot summers when air temperature increases the average soil temperature over {{convert|80|F}}. The [[elevation]] in temperatures produces Texas root rot's most severe symptoms: [[wilting]] and bronze colored leaves.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=Goldberg|first=Natalie|date=2018|title=Phymatotrichum root rot|url=https://aces.nmsu.edu/ces/plantclinic/documents/pymatotrichum-root-rot-_od-8__final.pdf|access-date=9 December 2020|website= [[New Mexico State University]] }}</ref> The pathogen is only active in the summer months when the high average temperatures can heat the soil microclimate one foot deep over {{convert|80|F}}.<ref name=":9" />

TRR is a pathogen of [[phytosanitary quarantine|quarantine]] concern for [[Ukraine]].<ref name = "Ukraine" >
{{ Cite journal
 | last1 = Fedorenko | first1 = Vitaliy
 | last2 = Pylypenko | first2 = Liliya
 | title = Kwarantannowe i inwazyjne gatunki występujące na Ukrainie
 | trans-title = Quarantine and invasive species in Ukraine
 | date = 2012
 | publisher = [[Institute of Plant Protection]]
 | journal = [[Progress in Plant Protection]]
 | volume = 52 |issue=4 | pages = 1156–1164
 | issn = 2084-4883
 | s2cid = 130106654
}}
This review is cited by Sladonja ''et al.'', 2015, etc.
</ref>