Editing That's Life! (section)

==Origins==
[[Bernard Braden]], the Canadian actor and broadcaster, invented consumer programmes for British television with his [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] show ''On the Braden Beat''. When in 1968 Braden and his wife [[Barbara Kelly]] agreed to transfer to the BBC, he starred with her in a situation comedy for the Entertainment Department, and he presented a consumer show which was produced in [[Desmond Wilcox]]'s Features Department. John Lloyd was a freelance producer who had worked with Braden on the ITV consumer show, and in 1968 was hired to produce ''Braden's Week'' for the BBC. That show ran from 1968 to 1972 on Saturday nights on BBC1, featuring Esther Rantzen and [[John Pitman (journalist)|John Pitman]] as reporters, and Ronald Fletcher, Chris Munds and [[Hilary Pritchard]] as humorous punctuation. It also featured [[Frankie Howerd]], Victor Ross  of ''[[Reader's Digest]]'',<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/victor-ross-101-readers-digest-chairman-who-reached-1-5m-monthly-sales-wvw5j9zkl | title=Victor Ross, 101: Reader's Digest chairman who reached 1.5m monthly sales }}</ref> and an expose of [[Robert Maxwell]]'s company [[Pergamon Press]].

The format was highly popular and included a studio audience, a regular music slot featuring singer/songwriter [[Jake Thackray]], and sketches performed by Munds and Pritchard. It is sometimes wrongly thought that Braden was sacked by the BBC for making a commercial for [[Stork (margarine)|Stork margarine]] in the summer of 1971, and although advertising a product was not felt compatible with Braden's role in a consumer show, Desmond Wilcox interceded for him with BBC senior executives, pointing out that at the time he was not under contract to the BBC, and he returned to make another series that autumn.<ref>Esther, The Autobiography, p.170</ref>

In 1972, however, Braden was hired by a Canadian network to create a similar programme there. After he left, producers Peter Chafer, John Lloyd and presenter Esther Rantzen were tasked by the BBC to create a replacement consumer programme without Braden. Rantzen invented the title, ''That's Life!'' When [[Bernard Braden]] returned to the [[United Kingdom|UK]] having completed his contract to make a consumer programme in Canada, his show ''Braden's Week'' had been replaced in his absence, and Esther Rantzen was fronting ''That's Life!'' Braden's wife [[Barbara Kelly]] never forgave Rantzen, who she was convinced had stolen the role from Braden and had only been given the job because she was in a relationship with (and later married to) Features Department head [[Desmond Wilcox]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/opinion/rantzens-openness-is-embarrassing-but-i-admire-the-old-girls-guts-and-energy-26557723.html |title=Rantzen's openness is embarrassing, but I admire the old girl's guts and energy |first=Mary |last=Kenny |author-link=Mary Kenny |date=8 August 2009 |newspaper=[[Irish Independent]] |location=Dublin |issn=0021-1222 |language=en-ie}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/proginfo/2015/20/braden-on-the-beat |title=Braden Back On The Beat - Media Centre |publisher=BBC |date=16 May 2015 |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>

=== Launch of ''That's Life!'' ===
The first series of ''That's Life!'' broadcast in the summer of 1973 was written by John Lloyd, executive-produced by Peter Chafer and was presented by Esther Rantzen, [[George Layton]] (actor, director and screenwriter) and [[Bob Wellings]] (co-presenter of the nightly current affairs magazine programme Nationwide). A regular feature was "Heap of the Week" filmed by [[William Nicholson (writer)|Bill Nicholson]], later a novelist and Oscar-nominated screenwriter. At the end of the run the Controller of BBC1 decided that the show had potential, but not with that presentation team, since only Rantzen was comfortable in the consumer role.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

A second series was commissioned for which Rantzen was promoted to producer and presenter, a role she held for the next twenty years. [[Kieran Prendiville]], a journalist who had worked on ''[[Man Alive (British TV series)|Man Alive]]'' (and who was part of the ''That's Life!'' production team at the beginning) and actor [[Glyn Worsnip]], both joined the team as reporters and stayed for five years.

=== ''That's Life!'' investigations ===
==== Swindles ====
During the programme's 21 years, many investigations highlighted dangers, swindles and injustices.<ref>{{cite web|author=National Library Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/1980s/society/television/ |title=That's life on TV - Essay - Back to the future: 1979-1989 - National Library Scotland |publisher=Digital.nls.uk |date=30 October 1986 |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> Among the conmen were [[Peter Foster]] who was first exposed for selling a fake "slimming" tea called Bai Lin, various door-to-door salesmen selling double glazing, Coach House Finance based in Colchester in 1975 which resulted in a conviction for fraud,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vlex.co.uk/vid/r-v-beck-793626873 | title=R v Beck }}</ref> and many fake slimming aids.

==== Safety items ====
Including stories publicising dangerous cots, lifts, taxi doors, the introduction of safe playground surfaces,<ref>{{cite web|last=Studio |first=Swarm |url=http://www.jasonhadden.co.uk/journal/2016/5/28/ill-ask-the-questions-esther-rantzen |title=I'll ask the Questions: Esther Rantzen — Jason Hadden MBE |publisher=Jasonhadden.co.uk |date= 28 May 2016|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> and inspiring the legal requirement for seat belts for children in cars.

==== Child abuse ====
This was regularly exposed on the programme. The launch of [[Childline]] by Esther Rantzen was inspired by a helpline for abused children set up after one episode of the programme.<ref>[https://warwick.ac.uk/services/library/mrc/explorefurther/speakingarchives/childline/1178-1-4-3_transcript_30yearschildlinesubmit_pdf.pdf "30 Years of ChildLine (1986-2016) The transcript of a witness seminar, held at the BT Tower, 1 June 2016"]. Edited by Eve Colpus and Jenny Crane.</ref>

=== Significant campaigns ===
==== Ben Hardwick ====
{{Main |Ben Hardwick}}
Ben Hardwick was a two-year-old toddler dying of [[biliary atresia]], with only a few weeks to live.  He was being treated by Professor [[Roy Yorke Calne|Sir Roy Calne]] in [[Addenbrooke's Hospital|Addenbrooks Hospital]] who told his mother Debbie that Ben's only hope would be a [[Liver transplantation|liver transplant]], but transplantation had virtually ceased in the UK due to a ''[[Panorama (British TV programme)|Panorama]]'' documentary which implied that organs were being taken from patients who were still alive. Professor Calne suggested the only way to encourage [[organ donation]] would be to tell Ben's story on TV, Debbie therefore contacted ''That's Life!''

The film of Ben captured the nation's imagination, a donor (Matthew Fewkes) was found and Ben lived for another year. On his death, [[Marti Webb]]  recorded his favourite song, "[[Ben (song)|Ben]]" to raise money for a charity founded in his name, and [[Shaun Woodward]] and Esther Rantzen wrote a book ''Story of Ben Hardwick by Shaun Woodward and Esther Rantzen''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/Ben-Story-Hardwick-Esther-Rantzen-Shaun/22673830813/bd | title=Ben: Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen, Shaun Woodward: Good Paperback (1985) &#124; Goldstone Books }}</ref> which also raised money for the Ben Hardwick Fund which still exists. The impact of Ben's story doubled the number of transplants "<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/10566984/After-Ben-Hardwick-a-bittersweet-legacy-living-with-a-new-liver.html | title=After Ben Hardwick, a bittersweet legacy: Living with a new liver | date=12 January 2014 }}</ref>

==== ''The Scandal of Crookham Court'' ====
A letter to Esther Rantzen which was forwarded to her by [[Childline]] came from a boy at the boarding school, Crookham Court School in Newbury,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/local-news/child-abuse-victim-felt-sick-4202903 | title=Child abuse victim felt sick, scared and ashamed |first=Paul|last=Cassell|website=Berkshire Live| date=March 2012 }}</ref> who had been sexually abused by the owner of the school and had discovered that his brother was also sexually abused by another teacher. A three-month investigation uncovered widespread abuse of the boys in the school; Rantzen, Woolfe and Hereward Harrison (a Childline executive) visited the school to speak to pupils. Paedophile Philip Cadman<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/one-in-7-people-aware-of-sex-abuse-at-school-jwt6cjsdsd0 | title=One in 7 people aware of sex abuse at school }}</ref> was the millionaire owner of the school who was later tried and convicted of abuse, as were teachers Bill Printer and Philip Edmonds.

A special programme, ''The Scandal of Crookham Court'', reconstructed the court case at which the children gave evidence.  Author Ian Mucklejohn assisted the investigation and has written a book based on his experience teaching at the school and the evidence of pupils who suffered abuse there.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ian Mucklejohn |title=Had:The Tragedy of Crookham Court School |isbn= 9781782204008 |publisher=Karnac Books |date= 2016 |location=United Kingdom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nest Of Paedophiles Uncovered In The Wake Of That's Life Investigation |url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/sunday-mirror/20150503/281874411963206 |work=[[Sunday Mirror]] |access-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219211717/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/sunday-mirror/20150503/281874411963206 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |language=en |date=3 May 2015 |url-status=live |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref>

==== Sir Nicholas Winton, the British Schindler ====
[[Nicholas Winton|Sir Nicholas Winton]] was revealed for the first time on ''That's Life!'' as having rescued a generation of [[Czechoslovakia|Czech]] children from [[the Holocaust]]. Unknown to him, or them, Sir Nicholas was placed in the audience next to three people and about twenty others around him who had been on the trains he organised and owed their life to him. [[Piers Morgan]] described it as the "best moment of television he had ever seen".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/piers-morgan-claims-moving-holocaust-21370293 | title=Piers Morgan claims moving Holocaust clip is 'greatest moment in TV history' | website=[[Daily Mirror]] | date=27 January 2020 }}</ref> It has been viewed on [[Facebook]] and [[YouTube]] more than forty million times.<ref name="historyextra1">{{cite web|url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/nicholas-winton-british-schindler-kindertransport-ww2-nazis/ |title=The 'British Schindler' Who Saved 669 Children From The Nazis |first=Gavin |last=Mortimer|work=BBC History Revealed|publisher=HistoryExtra |date=November 2019 |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> For his actions, Winton has been compared by the British press to [[Oskar Schindler]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/27/children-saved-from-nazis-british-schindler-memorial-kindertransport-nicholas-winton|title=Children saved from Nazis by 'British Schindler' plan memorial to parents|first=Robert|last=Tait|newspaper=The Guardian|date=27 January 2017}}</ref>

A biography of Winton was written by his daughter, ''The Life of Sir Nicholas Winton'' by Barbara Winton,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jun/19/if-its-not-possible-life-sir-nicholas-winton-barbara-winton-review | title=If It's Not Impossible ... the Life of Sir Nicholas Winton – review |first=Emma|last=Howard| website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=19 June 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=If It's Not Impossible...: The Life of Sir Nicholas Winton|first=Barbara|last=Winton|date=25 April 2014|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|id={{ASIN|1783065206|country=uk}} }}</ref> and documentaries were later made about his achievements.<ref name="historyextra1"/> Other members of his team included [[Trevor Chadwick]] and [[Doreen Warriner]].

==== Bullying ====
An anti-bullying campaign was inspired by the suicide of teenager Katharine Bamber,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/charter-plans-to-combat-bullying-among-pupils-1550412.html | title=Charter plans to combat bullying among pupils | website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=9 September 1992 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1992/may/21/bullying-in-schools | title=Bullying in Schools (Hansard, 21 May 1992) }}</ref> after a phone call to the programme from her mother Susan. It resulted in schools adopting anti-bullying policies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bullies+face+a+life+of+crime%3B+School+bullies+can+shatter+the+lives+of...-a0160079635 |title=Bullies face a life of crime; School bullies can shatter the lives of their victims - and ruin their own, too. In week three of our Stop Bullying campaign, Lifestyle Editor Zoe Chamberlain examines shocking new research about the long-term effects of the problem. - Free Online Library |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |date= |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>

=== Music on ''That's Life!'' ===
Although the ''Braden's Week'' comedy sketches were discontinued, music was still provided each week by a range of artists, including [[Alex Glasgow]], Jake Thackray, [[Fivepenny Piece|Five Penny Piece]], [[Richard Stilgoe]]  and [[Victoria Wood]]. For many years the British drummer and composer [[Tony Kinsey]] was musical director and arranged the title song "That's Life!" for the Hanwell Brass Band. Eventually the musical interludes were provided by non-singers; staff of big companies sang "The Lay of the Week" to customers who complained, and unsuspecting members of the public became a choir in "Get Britain Singing" in which the team of reporters went undercover in gloomy locations such as service stations and hospitals in order to startle people with a cheerful blast of music that inspired them to burst into song.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

In 1992, ''That's Life''{{'s}} talent contest called Search for a Star discovered singer Alison Jordan, and record producer [[Simon Cowell]] who offered a contract as the top prize.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

=== Humorous items on ''That's Life!'' ===
Rude vegetables sent in by viewers were notably memorable, cropping up in ''[[The Times]]'' more than 20 years after ''That's Life!'' ended.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/article/the-times-view-on-misshapen-fruit-and-vegetables-variety-is-the-spice-of-life-sx8tkkzxn | title=The Times view on misshapen fruit and vegetables: Variety is the Spice of Life }}</ref> Also popular were the talented pets discovered by the show, which included dogs that played football, a cat who played ping-pong, dogs who caught soda water from a syphon and many others including a horse that could count. Besides the pets there were "talented tots", such as toddlers who could play the piano, snooker and golf.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

Talented passers-by were also featured each week in the vox pops at the start of the show, including Annie Mizen, who was discovered in a street market in her eighties and became a star.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

Esther Rantzen was arrested for obstruction when vox popping in the [[North End Road, Fulham|North End Road]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/denis-tuohy-when-it-all-goes-wrong-on-tv-how-the-presenter-copes-or-fails-to-cope-is-what-the-viewer-finds-so-hilarious-36442334.html | title=Denis Tuohy: When it all goes wrong on TV... How the presenter copes, or fails to cope, is what the viewer finds so hilarious | newspaper=Belfasttelegraph }}</ref> The resulting film took pride of place in her edition of ''[[This Is Your Life (British TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in which the arresting officer P.C. A. Herbert was a surprise guest.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

During its 21-year run ''That's Life!'' was broadcast three times on 1 April, and each time created a prank film to fool the viewers. The first directed by Nick Handel appeared to show a dog that could drive.{{cn|date=November 2024}} The second was an animal in [[London Zoo]] called a [[Lirpa loof|Lirpa Loof]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hoaxes.org/af_database/permalink/lirpa_loof |title=The Lirpa Loof (April Fool, 1984) |publisher=Hoaxes.org |date= |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> starring [[David Bellamy]], which persuaded charabanc-loads of visitors to search the zoo for the non-existent animal with purple droppings. The third was a face cream made from rhinoceros spit that eradicated wrinkles from the face but transferred them to a backside.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

=== "That's Life All Over!" ===
In 1994 the show ended with a 90-minute special recalling the most memorable moments and listing some of the changes inspired by the series. "That's Life All Over!" included a surprise section that Rantzen did not know about in advance, hosted by [[David Frost]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/television-everywhere-you-look-balls-1425119.html |title=TELEVISION / Everywhere you look: balls |work=The Independent |date=25 June 1994 |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>

In April 2024 [[Kirsty Wark]] presented an edition of the BBC Radio 4 series ''[[The Reunion (radio series)|The Reunion]]'', with guests [[George Layton]], [[Chris Serle]], [[Paul Heiney]], [[Bill Buckley (radio presenter)|Bill Buckley]], [[Adrian Mills]], Sir [[Peter Bazalgette]], Jane Elsdon Dew and Esther Rantzen.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001y21w | title=BBC Radio 4 - the Reunion, That's Life! }}</ref>