Editing Thirteenth (section)

==Other thirteenth chords==

[[File:13chords.png|thumb|Thirteenth chords and major thirteenth chords with sheet music.]]

These voice leading guidelines may not be followed after the common practice period in techniques such as [[parallel harmony]] and in the following example:

[[File:All Points West 'Railroad sonority'.png|thumb|center|400px|Alternating ({{music|natural}})13 and {{music|b}}13 chords in the "railroad sonority" from mm.1–4 of ''[[All Points West (monodrama)|All Points West]]'' (1937) by [[Rodgers & Hart]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cox |first1=Felix |title='A Faltering Step in a Basically Right Direction': Richard Rodgers and ''All Points West'' |journal=American Music |date=Autumn 2005 |volume=23 |issue=3 |page=360 |doi=10.2307/4153058|jstor=4153058 }}</ref> {{Audio|All Points West 'Railroad sonority'.mid|Play}}]]

13th chords may less often be built on degrees other than the dominant, such as the [[tonic (music)|tonic]] or [[subdominant]].{{sfn|Benward|Saker|2009|p=180}}

[[File:I Found a New Baby 13th chord.png|thumb|center|400px|[[Lennie Tristano]]'s ending to "[[I Found a New Baby]]" (recorded 1946) is a "tonic thirteenth chord"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Everett |first1=Walter |title=A Royal Scam: The Abstruse and Ironic Bop-Rock Harmony of Steely Dan |journal=Music Theory Spectrum |date=October 2004 |volume=26 |issue=2 |page=205 |doi=10.1525/mts.2004.26.2.201}}</ref> in lydian. {{Audio|I Found a New Baby 13th chord.mid|Play}}]]

While the dominant thirteenth is the most common thirteenth chord, the major thirteenth is also fairly common.<ref name="Picture chord">Hal Leonard Corp. (2003). ''Picture Chord Encyclopedia: Photos, Diagrams and Music Notation for Over 1,600 Keyboard Chords'', p.10. {{ISBN|0-634-05828-2}}.</ref> A major thirteenth chord (containing a major seventh) will nearly always feature a chromatically raised eleventh (C E G B D F{{music|sharp}} A) (see [[Lydian mode]]), except for cases when the eleventh is omitted altogether. "It is customary to omit the eleventh on dominant or major thirteenth chords because the eleventh conflicts with the third,"<ref name="Picture chord"/> in these chords by a semitone.

[[File:Noreen's Nocturne.png|thumb|center|400px|The [[cadence (music)|cadence]] in measures 5–8 of "Noreen's Nocturne" by [[Oscar Peterson]] (transcribed by Brent Edstrom) features 13th chords and also reveals the distinction between the compound and simple intervals of a 13th and an added 6th, respectively.{{sfn|Benward|Saker|2009|pp=183–84}} {{Audio|Noreen's Nocturne.mid|Play}}]]