Editing Tim Crow (section)

=== Neurobiology of reinforcement and motivation ===

Crow worked in the Department of Physiology at the University of Aberdeen in the late 1960s and early 1970s, where he conducted pharmacological and behavioural studies of reinforcement and self-stimulation in rats <ref>{{cite journal | last = Crow | first = T J | author-link = Tim Crow | title = Mode of Enhancement of Self Stimulation in Rats by Methamphetamine.| journal = Nature | volume = 224 | pages = 709–710 | date = 1969 | doi = 10.1038/224709a0 | url = https://doi.org/10.1038/224709a0 | url-access = subscription }}</ref> for his Medical Research Council funded PhD: "Experiments on the central actions of the amphetamines with particular reference to the functions of catecholamine-containing neurones". He published a number of papers <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anlezark |first=G M |last2=Crow |first2=T J |last3=Greenway |first3=A P |date=1973 |title=Impaired Learning and Decreased Cortical Norephrine after Bilateral Locus Coeruleus Lesions |journal=Science |volume=181 |pages=682–684}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crow |first=T J |last2=Arbuthnott |first2=G W |date=1972 |title=Function of Catecholamine-containing Neurones in Mammalian Central Nervous System |journal=Nature New Biology |volume=238 |pages=245–246}}</ref> dissecting the role of the various catecholamines in reinforcement and motivation, and in 1973 was the first person to publish an article arguing for a key role for the neurotransmitter dopamine in 'incentive motivation'.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Crow | first = T J | author-link = Tim Crow | title = Catecholamine-containing neurones and electrical self-stimulation. 2. A theoretical interpretation and some psychiatric implications | journal = Psychol. Med. | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 66–73 | date = 1973 | doi = 10.1017/s0033291700046353 | pmid = 4692492|  url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/catecholaminecontaining-neurones-and-electrical-selfstimulation-2-a-theoretical-interpretation-and-some-psychiatric-implications/FA4C34BEB7C2B92CCAE66AA095616553 | url-access = subscription }}</ref> Crow's role as the first scientist to link dopamine to incentive motivation has been acknowledged by Berridge <ref>{{cite journal | last = Berridge | first = K C | author-link = Kent Berridge | title = The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 191 | pages = 391–431 | date = 2007 | doi = 10.1007/s00213-006-0578-x | pmid = 17072591|  url = https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0578-x }}</ref> and by Robbins and Everitt.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Robbins | first = T W | author-link = Trevor Robbins | title = A role for mesencephalic dopamine in activation: commentary on Berridge | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 191 | pages = 433–437 | date = 2007 | doi = 10.1007/s00213-006-0528-7 | pmid = 16977476|  url = https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0528-7 | url-access = subscription }}</ref>