Editing Timeline of computer animation (section)

== 1960s ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Film
!Year
!Notes
|-
| ''Rendering of a planned highway''
|1961
|In 1961, a 49-second vector animation of a car traveling up a planned highway at 110&nbsp;km/h (70&nbsp;mph) was created at the Swedish [[Royal Institute of Technology]] on the [[BESK]] computer. The short animation was broadcast on November 9, 1961, on national television.<ref name="tekniskamuseet">{{cite web |url= https://www.tekniskamuseet.se/lar-dig-mer/kommunikation-och-media/datorhistoriska-nedslag/svensk-datorhistoria-1960-talet/ |title= Svensk datorhistoria – 1960-talet |last= Du Rietz |first= Peter |date= 20 December 2016 |website= Tekniska museet |access-date= 17 January 2017 |language= sv |trans-title= Swedish computer history - 1960s}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|XhNT501DsJI|"Världens äldsta datoranimation?"}}</ref>
|-
|''Simulation of a Two-Gyro Gravity-Gradient Attitude Control System''
|1963
|Edward E. Zajac, a researcher at [[Bell Labs]], used an IBM computer to create a short showing a communication satellite orbiting Earth.<ref>[https://designandtheory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/a-michael-noll-early-digital-computer-art-2016.pdf Early Digital Computer Art at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated]</ref>
|-
|''Boeing Man''
|1964
|[[William Fetter]], a graphic designer working for [[Boeing]], created the first wireframe animation.<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/82c7/1cc4f6c0a0f3070dc9c7b4493b20df64d937.pdf Boeing Man(1964): the origin of realistic algorithmic human figures]</ref>
|-
| ''Hummingbird''
|rowspan=2 align="center" |1967
|A ten-minute computer-animated film by [[Charles Csuri]] and James Shaffer. This was awarded a prize at the 4th annual International Experimental Film Competition in [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] and in the collection of The [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[New York City]]. The subject was a [[Line drawing algorithm|line drawing]] of a [[hummingbird]] for which a sequence of movements appropriate to the bird were programmed. Over 30,000 images comprising some 25 motion sequences were generated by the computer.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.siggraph.org/artdesign/profile/csuri/artworks/plot/plot9.html |title= Hummingbird, 1967 |last= Csuir |first= Charles |website= ACM SIGGRAPH |access-date= 17 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{youTube|awvQp1TdBqc|Charles Csuri, Fragmentation Animations, 1968 - 1970: Hummingbird (1968)}}</ref>
|-
|''Flexipede''
|The first entertainment cartoon. Made by Tony Pritchett on the [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]] near Oxford and first shown publicly at the Cybernetic Serendipity exhibition in 1968.
|-
| ''Kitty''
|1968
|A group of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] mathematicians and physicists headed by [[Nikolay Konstantinov]] created a mathematically computable model of the physics of a moving cat. The algorithms were programmed on the [[BESM]]-4 computer. The computer then printed hundreds of frames to be later converted to film.<ref name="EtudesKitty">{{cite web |url= http://www.etudes.ru/ru/mov/kittie/ |title= Кошечка |website= Mathematical Etudes |publisher= Mathematical Etudes Foundation |access-date= 17 January 2017 |language= ru |trans-title= Kitty}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.themarysue.com/kitty-computer-animation-russia-1968-video/ |title= "Kitty": One of the First-Ever Computer Animations |last= Quigley |first= Robert |date= 22 March 2010 |website= The Mary Sue |publisher= The Mary Sue, LLC |access-date= 19 January 2017 }}</ref><ref name="KittyYoutube">{{YouTube|0O4mm3hXNgA|"Kitty. - N.Konstantinov."}}</ref> An accompanying scientific paper describes the foundation of the employed physics simulation techniques that nowadays are commonly applied to animation films and computer games.<ref name="Konstantinov1974">{{cite journal |last1= Konstantinov |first1= N.N. |last2= Minachin |first2= V.V. |last3= Ponomarenko |first3= V.Y. |date= 1974 |title= Программа, моделирующая механизм и рисующая мультфильм о нем |trans-title= The program that simulates the mechanism and draws a cartoon about it |url= http://www.etudes.ru/data/localdocs/koshechka.djvu |language= ru |journal= Проблемы кибернетики |location= Moscow, USSR | publisher= Наука |access-date= 6 October 2016 | issue= 28 | pages= 193–209 }}</ref>
|}