Editing Titanium tetrachloride (section)

==Production==
{{chem2|TiCl4}} is produced by the [[chloride process]], which involves the [[redox|reduction]] of titanium oxide ores, typically [[ilmenite]] ({{chem2|FeTiO3}}), with [[carbon]] under flowing [[chlorine]] at 900&nbsp;°C. Impurities are removed by [[distillation]].<ref name="ullmann">{{cite encyclopedia|author1=Heinz Sibum |author2=Volker Güther |author3=Oskar Roidl |author4=Fathi Habashi |author5=Hans Uwe Wolf |author6=Carsten Siemers |title=Titanium, Titanium Alloys, and Titanium Compounds
|encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |publisher=Wiley-VCH |location=Weinheim |date=2017 |pages=1–35 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a27_095.pub2|isbn=978-3-527-30673-2 }}</ref>

:{{chem2|2 FeTiO3 + 7 Cl2 + 6 C → 2 TiCl4 + 2 FeCl3 + 6 CO}}

The coproduction of [[Iron(III) chloride|{{chem2|FeCl3}}]] is undesirable, which has motivated the development of alternative technologies. Instead of directly using ilmenite, "rutile slag" is used. This material, an impure form of {{chem2|TiO2}}, is derived from ilmenite by removal of iron, either using carbon reduction or extraction with [[sulfuric acid]]. Crude {{chem2|TiCl4}} contains a variety of other volatile halides, including [[vanadyl chloride]] ({{chem2|VOCl3}}), [[silicon tetrachloride]] ({{chem2|SiCl4}}), and [[tin tetrachloride]] ({{chem2|SnCl4}}), which must be separated.<ref name="ullmann" />