Editing Tokenism (section)

== In psychology ==
In the field of [[psychology]], the broader definition of tokenism is a situation in which a member of a distinctive category is treated differently from other people. The characteristics that make the person of interest a token can be perceived as either a handicap or an advantage, as supported by Václav Linkov. In a positive light, these distinct people can be seen as experts in their racial/cultural category, valued skills, or a different perspective on a project. In contrast, tokenism is most often seen as a handicap due to the [[ostracism]] of a selected sample of a minority group.<ref name=":0">Linkov, Václav. "Tokenism In Psychology: Standing On The Shoulders Of Small Boys." ''Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science'' 48.2 (2014): 143–160. ''Academic Search Complete''. Web. 10 Mar. 2016.</ref> Linkov also attributes drawbacks in psychology to Cultural and Numerical Tokenism, instances that have shifted where value of expertise is placed and its effect on proliferating information that is not representative of all the possible facts.<ref name=":0" />