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Toponymy
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==Toponymic typology== Toponyms can be divided in two principal groups:<ref name="Toponymy"/> * '''geonyms''' - proper names of all [[geographical]] features, on planet [[Earth]].{{sfn|Room|1996|p=46}} * '''cosmonyms''' - proper names of [[cosmographical]] features, outside Earth.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=27}} Various types of geographical toponyms (geonyms) include, in alphabetical order:<ref name="Toponymy"/> * '''agronyms''' - proper names of fields and plains.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=4}} * '''[[choronyms]]''' - proper names of regions or countries.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=20}} * '''dromonyms''' - proper names of roads or any other transport routes by land, water or air.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=33}} * '''drymonyms''' - proper names of woods and forests.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=34}} * '''[[econyms]]''' - proper names of inhabited locations, like houses, villages, towns or cities,{{sfn|Room|1996|p=35}} including: ** '''astionyms''' - proper names of towns and cities.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=13}} ** '''comonyms''' - proper names of villages.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=25}} * '''[[hydronyms]]''' - proper names of various bodies of water,{{sfn|Room|1996|p=51}} including: ** '''helonyms''' - proper names of swamps, marshes and bogs.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=48}} ** '''limnonyms''' - proper names of lakes and ponds.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=56}} ** '''oceanonyms''' - proper names of oceans.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=71}} ** '''pelagonyms''' - proper names of seas.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=79}} ** '''potamonyms''' - proper names of rivers and streams.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=84}} * '''insulonyms''' - proper names of islands.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=54}} * '''metatoponyms''' - proper names of places containing recursive elements (e.g. Red River Valley Road). * '''oronyms''' - proper names of [[Topographic relief|relief]] features, like mountains, hills and valleys,{{sfn|Room|1996|p=75}} including: ** '''speleonyms''' - proper names of caves or some other subterranean features.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=92}} ** '''petronyms''' - proper names of rock formations; also of climbing routes. * '''urbanonyms''' - proper names of urban elements (streets, squares etc.) in settlements,{{sfn|Room|1996|p=104}} including: ** '''agoronyms''' - proper names of squares and marketplaces.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=4}} ** '''[[hodonyms]]''' - proper names of streets and roads.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=49}} Various types of cosmographical toponyms (cosmonyms) include: * '''asteroidonyms''' - proper names of asteroids.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=13}} * '''astronyms''' - proper names of stars and constellations.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=13}} * '''cometonyms''' - proper names of comets.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=23}} * '''meteoronyms''' - proper names of meteors.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=62}} * '''planetonyms''' - proper names of planets and planetary systems.{{sfn|Room|1996|p=80}}
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