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Total synthesis
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==Aims== Although untrue from an historical perspective (see the [[Cortisone#History|history of the steroid, cortisone]]), total synthesis in the modern age has largely been an academic endeavor (in terms of manpower applied to problems). Industrial chemical needs often differ from academic focuses. Typically, commercial entities may pick up particular avenues of total synthesis efforts and expend considerable resources on particular [[natural product]] targets, especially if [[semi-synthesis]] can be applied to complex, natural product-derived [[drugs]]. Even so, for decades<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Heathcock C |title=Chemical Synthesis Gnosis to Prognosis |chapter=As We Head into the 21st Century, is there Still Value in Total Synthesis of Natural Products as a Research Endeavor? |date=1996 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-009-0255-8 |pages=223β243 |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-0255-8_9 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-0255-8_9 |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> there has been a continuing discussion regarding the value of total synthesis as an academic enterprise.<ref name="Nicolaou prospective">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nicolaou KC |title=Total Synthesis Endeavors and Their Contributions to Science and Society: A Personal Account |journal= CCS Chemistry |date=1 April 2019 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3β37 |doi=10.31635/ccschem.019.20190006 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nicolaou KC, Rigol S | title = Perspectives from nearly five decades of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues for biology and medicine | journal = Natural Product Reports | volume = 37 | issue = 11 | pages = 1404β1435 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 32319494 | pmc = 7578074 | doi = 10.1039/D0NP00003E }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Qualmann K |title=Excellence in Industrial Organic Synthesis: Celebrating the Past, Looking to the Future |url=https://axial.acs.org/2019/08/15/excellence-in-industrial-organic-synthesis-celebrating-the-past-looking-to-the-future/ |website=ACS Axial |date=15 August 2019 |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> While there are some outliers, the general opinions are that total synthesis has changed in recent decades, will continue to change, and will remain an integral part of chemical research.<ref name="Baran - Here to stay">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baran PS | title = Natural Product Total Synthesis: As Exciting as Ever and Here To Stay | journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume = 140 | issue = 14 | pages = 4751β4755 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29635919 | doi = 10.1021/jacs.8b02266 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2018JAChS.140.4751B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hudlicky T | title = Benefits of Unconventional Methods in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products | journal = ACS Omega | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | pages = 17326β17340 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 30613812 | pmc = 6312638 | doi = 10.1021/acsomega.8b02994 }}</ref><ref name="In the Pipeline (1)">{{cite web | vauthors = Derek L |title=How Healthy is Total Synthesis |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/healthy-field-total-synthesis |website=In The Pipeline (AAAS) |publisher=The American Association for the Advancement of Science |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> Within these changes, there has been increasing focus on improving the practicality and marketability of total synthesis methods. The [[Phil S. Baran]] group at [[Scripps Research Institute|Scripps]], a notable pioneer of practical synthesis have endeavored to create scalable and high efficiency syntheses that would have more immediate uses outside of academia.<ref name="Baran">{{cite web |title=Phil Baran Research |url=https://baranlab.org/research/ |website=Phil Baran Research Lab |publisher=Scripps Institute |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="JOC Time economy">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hayashi Y | title = Time Economy in Total Synthesis | journal = The Journal of Organic Chemistry | volume = 86 | issue = 1 | pages = 1β23 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33085885 | doi = 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01581 | s2cid = 224825988 }}</ref>
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