Editing Troopship (section)

==World War II==
[[File:USNS General R. L. Howze (T-AP-134) underway at sea, in the 1950s.jpg|thumb|A U.S. {{Sclass|General G. O. Squier|transport|0}} troop transport]]
[[File:The Aiken Victory arriving in Boston with 1,958 troops from Europe, 26 July 1945.jpg|thumb|{{ship||Aiken Victory}}, a [[Victory ship]] troop ship conversion, arriving in Boston with 1,958 troops from Europe, 26 July 1945<ref>APPENDIX B: VICTORY TROOPSHIP CONVERSIONS [http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Private_Frederick_C_Murphy_HAER_Report.pdf] p. 13</ref>]]
Large numbers of troopships were employed during World War II, including 220 "Limited Capacity" [[Liberty ship]] conversions, 30 [[Type C4 ship]]-based {{Sclass|General G. O. Squier|transport|0}}, a class of 84 [[Victory ship]] conversions, and a small number of Type-[[C3-S-A2]] ship-based dedicated transports, and 15 classes of [[attack transports]], of which some 400 alone were built.

* The modified Liberties were capable of transporting up to 450,<ref name="Live">''Live'', 2013 edition, p. 6.</ref> 550,<ref name="walkaround">{{cite web|url=http://www.geoghegan.us/brown/JWB-walkaround.htm|title=S.S. John W. Brown Walk-around|work=geoghegan.us}}</ref> or 650<ref name="live4">''Live'', 2013 edition, p. 4.</ref> (sources vary) troops or [[prisoners-of-war]]. Modifications included installation of bunks stacked five deep on the forward [[wikt:Tweendeck|tweendeck]], additional shower and [[Head (watercraft)|head]] facilities, two additional diesel-powered generators,<ref name="walkaround"/> and installation of two more Oerlikon 20-mm automatic cannons.<ref name="Live"/><ref name="walkaround"/><ref name="Cooper5">Cooper, p. 5.</ref><ref>[http://www.liberty-ship.com/html/brown/armament.html Project Liberty Ship: Armament Aboard SS JOHN W. BROWN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015041604/http://www.liberty-ship.com/html/brown/armament.html |date=2013-10-15 }}</ref>
* 30 [[Type C4 ship]]-based {{Sclass|General G. O. Squier|transport|0}}, the largest carrying over 6,000 passengers.
* A class of [[Victory ship]]-based dedicated troopship was developed late in World War II.  A total of 84 such VC2-S-AP2 hull conversions was completed.<ref name=HAER>{{cite web |url=http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Private_Frederick_C_Murphy_HAER_Report.pdf |title=HAER for ''Private Frederick C. Murphy'' |work=[[United States Maritime Administration]] |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509022344/http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Private_Frederick_C_Murphy_HAER_Report.pdf |url-status=dead }} "In the summer of 1945, eighty-four VC2-S-AP2 Victory ships, including the Maritime Victory, were converted into troopships by MARITIME VICTORY the U.S. Maritime Commission in preparation for an assault on the Japanese home islands. The ship made several crossings of the Atlantic Ocean and was used to repatriate American troops from Europe after World War II. pp. 1–2</ref><ref>[http://www.ww2troopships.com/crossings/1945b.htm ww2troopships.com crossings in 1945]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/documents/WWII/wwii_Troopships.pdf |title=Troop Ship of World War II, April 1947, Page 356-357 |access-date=2016-12-24 |archive-date=2020-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030021032/https://history.army.mil/documents/WWII/wwii_Troopships.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170827124339/http://www.69th-infantry-division.com/pdf/USArmy69InfDiv_Vol40_No1_SepDec1986.pdf 69th infantry division, newsletter, 1986]}}</ref><ref>[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper4/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201945%20pdf/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201945%20-%205720.pdf Binghamton NY Press Grayscale 1945 – Fulton History, Oct. 15, 1945]</ref>
* A class of [[Type C3 ship]] – comprising mainly C3-S-A2 and C3-S-A3 hulls – was also converted to dedicated troopships, capable of carrying 2,100 troops,<ref>Isthmian Lines ship S.S. ''Steel Scientist'' [http://www.isthmianlines.com/ships/sm_steel_scientist.htm] Troop capacity: 2156</ref> was also developed.
* At least 15 classes of [[attack transport]], consisting of at least 400 ships specially equipped for landing invasion forces rather than general troop movement.

===Designation===
The designation HMT (Her/His Majesty's Transport) would normally replace RMS (Royal Mail Ship), MV (Motor Vessel) or SS (Steamship) for ships converted to troopship duty with the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. The United States used two designations: WSA for troopships operated by the [[War Shipping Administration]] using [[Merchant Marine]] crews, and USS (United States Ship) for vessels accepted into and operated by the United States Navy. Initially, troopships adapted as attack transports were designated AP; starting in 1942 keel-up attack transports received the designation APA.

"HMT" was also used, for a while, to designate "Hired Military Transport."<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/dunera/index.html
|title=1941 Dunera Boys Hay Internment Camp Collection
|publisher=NSW Migration Heritage Centre
|access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
   |url=https://www.encyclopediabritannia.org/index.php/Troopship
   |title=Troopship
   |quote= The designation HMT (Hired Military Transport) ...}}</ref>