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Tychonic system
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=== Precursors to geoheliocentrism === Tycho was not the first to propose a geoheliocentric system. It used to be thought that [[Heraclides Ponticus|Heraclides]] in the 4th century BC had suggested that [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] and [[Venus]] revolve around the Sun, which in turn (along with the other planets) revolves around the Earth.<ref>{{Cite journal |volume=23 |page=233 |last=Eastwood |first=B. S. |title=Heraclides and Heliocentrism β Texts Diagrams and Interpretations |journal=[[Journal for the History of Astronomy]] |date=1992-11-01 |issue=4 |doi=10.1177/002182869202300401 |bibcode=1992JHA....23..233E |s2cid=118643709}}</ref> [[Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius]] (395β423 AD) later described this as the "Egyptian System", stating that "it did not escape the skill of the [[Egyptians]]", though there is no other evidence it was known in [[ancient Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neugebauer |first=Otto E. |title=A history of ancient mathematical astronomy |publisher=BirkhΓ€user |date=1975 |isbn=3-540-06995-X |author-link=Otto E. Neugebauer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The astronomical system of Copernicus |last=Rufus |first=W. Carl |journal=[[Popular Astronomy (US magazine)|Popular Astronomy]] |volume=31 |pages=510β521 [512] |date=1923 |bibcode=1923PA.....31..510R}}</ref> The difference was that Tycho's system had all the planets (with the exception of Earth) revolving around the Sun, instead of just the interior planets of Mercury and Venus. In this regard, he was anticipated in the 15th century by the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics|Kerala school]] astronomer [[Nilakantha Somayaji]], whose geoheliocentric system also had all the planets revolving around the Sun.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ramasubramanian |first1=K. |last2=Srinivas |first2=M. D. |last3=Sriram |first3=M. S. |date=1994 |title=Modification of the earlier Indian planetary theory by the Kerala astronomers (c. 1500 AD) and the implied heliocentric picture of planetary motion] |journal=[[Current Science]] |volume=66 |pages=784β790|url=http://www.physics.iitm.ac.in/~labs/amp/kerala-astronomy.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Model of planetary motion in the works of Kerala astronomers |year=1998 |last=Ramasubramanian |first=K. |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India |volume=26 |pages=11β31 [23β4] |bibcode=1998BASI...26...11R}}</ref>{{sfn|Joseph|2000|p=408}} The difference to both these systems was that Tycho's model of the Earth does not rotate daily, as Heraclides and Nilakantha claimed, but is static. He was also anticipated by the cosmology depicted in the [[Leiden Aratea]], a Carolingian manuscript created in the early 9th Century for the Carolingian court. <ref>{{Cite book |last=de Hamel |first=Christopher |title=Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts |publisher=Allen Lane |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-241-00304-6 |author-link=Christopher de Hamel}}</ref>
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