Editing Tynemouth Priory and Castle (section)

=== Early history ===
The earliest evidence for human habitation on the promontory are the trace remains of two circular wooden houses, the larger being typical of the [[Votadini]] tribe of the late [[British Iron Age|Iron Age]] two centuries before the [[Roman conquest of Britain|Roman invasion of AD 43]] and the smaller being of the [[Roman Britain|Roman period]] in the 2nd century.<ref name="auto" /><ref name=":0" />

The monastery was probably founded by one of the [[Angles (tribe)|Anglian]] kings of [[Northumbria]]. Medieval traditions assert that it was founded in the mid 7th century when the [[Deira]]n king [[St Oswine]], the first king to be buried at Tynemouth, was interred at the site by his murderer [[Oswiu]], a [[Bernicia]]n king, who established the convent in penance. An [[abbey]] at the site is mentioned by [[Bede]] and by 792 it was of enough significance to be the burial place of the Northumbrian king [[Osred II of Northumbria|Osred II]], the second king to be buried at Tynemouth. The monastery was a target for [[Vikings|Viking]] raids throughout the 9th century until its destruction in 875. No building survives from this period of the site's history but several fragments of [[Anglo-Saxon art|Anglo-Saxon crosses]] have been found as well as trace remains of five rectangular wooden buildings.<ref name="auto" /><ref name=":0" />

A towered parish church dedicated to [[St Mary]] is recorded as having stood at the site in the mid 11th century by a chaplain of [[Tostig Godwinson|Tostig]], [[Earl of Northumbria]]. The church was destroyed by [[William the Conqueror]] during the [[Harrying of the North]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1065 a corpse was exhumed at the ruined monastery thought to be that of St Oswine and in 1083 the monastery was refounded by a monk of the Benedictine [[Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey|Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey]], which was a daughter cell of [[Durham Priory]], named Turchil. However, in 1090 [[Robert de Mowbray]], Earl of Northumbria, granted his lands in and around Tynemouth to [[St Albans Cathedral|St Albans Abbey]] leading to a longstanding dispute of jurisdiction between the monks of Durham and St Albans. Shortly after the grant construction began on the new church which was dedicated to St Oswine, whose shrine became a place of pilgrimage, and the Virgin Mary.<ref name="auto" /><ref name=":0" />

In 1093 [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]], King of Scotland, was killed at the [[Battle of Alnwick (1093)|Battle of Alnwick]] and became the third king to be buried at Tynemouth. [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] later arranged for his father's body to be reburied at [[Dunfermline Abbey]].<ref name=":0" />

On 20 August 1110 the shrine of St Oswine was ceremoniously transferred to the new church at Tynemouth from Jarrow marking the completion of its east end, while work on the nave continued. There was a fire in 1150 which destroyed the thatched dormitory, refectory, and guesthouse.<ref name=":0" />