Editing Typewriter (section)

=== Hansen Writing Ball ===
{{Main|Hansen Writing Ball}}
[[File:Malling Hansen,1867, Dänemark.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Hansen Writing Ball]] was the first typewriter manufactured commercially (1870).]]

In 1865, Rev. [[Rasmus Malling-Hansen]] of [[Denmark]] invented the [[Hansen Writing Ball]], which went into commercial production in 1870 and was the first commercially sold typewriter. It was a success in Europe and was reported as being used in offices on the European continent as late as 1909.<ref name="Mares">{{Cite book |last=Mares |first=G. C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201721 |title=The History of the Typewriter |year=1909 |publisher=Guilbert Pitman |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201721/page/n234 230]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Early Office Museum |url=http://www.officemuseum.com/typewriters.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102201621/http://www.officemuseum.com/typewriters.htm |archive-date=2 January 2014 |access-date=1 December 2013}}</ref>

Malling-Hansen used a [[solenoid]] escapement to return the carriage on some of his models, which makes him a candidate for the title of inventor of the first "electric" typewriter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rasmus Malling-Hansen Invents the Hansen Writing Ball, the First Commercially Produced Typewriter |url=https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=5383 |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=History of Information}}</ref>

The Hansen Writing Ball was produced with only upper-case characters. The Writing Ball was a template for inventor [[Frank Haven Hall]] to create a derivative that would produce letter prints cheaper and faster.<ref name="Devil">{{Cite book |last=Larson |first=Erik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJp22rZDOZQC |title=The Devil in the White City: A Saga of Magic and Murder at the Fair that Changed America |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4000-7631-4 |page=291 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626060339/https://books.google.com/books?id=kJp22rZDOZQC |archive-date=2018-06-26 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="3lives">{{Cite journal |last=Hendrickson, Walter B. |year=1956 |title=The Three Lives of Frank H. Hall |url=http://dig.lib.niu.edu/ISHS/ishs-1956autumn/ishs-1956autumn-271.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |publisher=University of Illinois Press |volume=49 |issue=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806034158/http://dig.lib.niu.edu/ISHS/ishs-1956autumn/ishs-1956autumn-271.pdf |archive-date=2010-08-06}}</ref><ref name="Museum">{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=24 April 2011 |title=Hall Braille Writer |url=http://www.aph.org/museum/braillewriters/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427203920/http://www.aph.org/museum/braillewriters/1.html |archive-date=27 April 2012 |access-date=29 February 2012 |publisher=American Printing House for the Blind, Inc.}}</ref>

Malling-Hansen developed his typewriter further through the 1870s and 1880s and made many improvements, but the writing head remained the same. On the first model of the writing ball from 1870, the paper was attached to a cylinder inside a wooden box. In 1874, the cylinder was replaced by a carriage, moving beneath the writing head. Then, in 1875, the well-known "tall model" was patented, which was the first of the writing balls that worked without electricity. Malling-Hansen attended the world exhibitions in [[Vienna]] in 1873 and Paris in 1878 and he received the first-prize for his invention at both exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Otto Burghagen |title=Die Schreibmaschine. Illustrierte Beschreibung aller gangbaren Schreibmaschinen nebst gründlicher Anleitung zum Arbeiten auf sämtlichen Systemen |year=1898}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dieter Eberwein |title=Nietzsches Schreibkugel. Ein Blick auf Nietzsches Schreibmaschinenzeit durch die Restauration der Schreibkugel. Eberwein-Typoskriptverlag |publisher=Schauenburg 2005.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Johanne Agerskov |title=''Hvem er Skrivekuglens Opfinder?'' |year=1925}}</ref>