Editing Unicode Consortium (section)

== Work ==
{{quote | text=Our goal is to make sure that all of the text on computers for every language in the world is represented but we get a lot more attention for emojis than for the fact that you can type Chinese on your phone and have it work with another phone. | author=Unicode Consortium co-founder and CTO, Mark Davis<ref name="Who Decides"/>}}

[[File:Choijinzhab presentation.jpg|thumb|Lisa Moore, vice president of the Unicode Consortium, presenting [[Choijinzhab]] and Nashunwuritu with copies of the [[Unicode Standard]] at a meeting of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, in 2017|alt=]]
The Unicode Consortium cooperates with many [[Standards organization|standards development organizations]], including [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2]] and [[W3C]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNICODE - The Unicode Consortium|url=https://www.iso.org/organization/342878.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=[[International Standards Organization]]}}</ref> While Unicode is often considered equivalent to [[Universal Coded Character Set|ISO/IEC 10646]], and the character sets are essentially identical, the Unicode standard imposes additional restrictions on implementations that ISO/IEC 10646 does not.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Korpela|first=Jukka K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxndiWaFMvMC&q=unicode+ISO+cooperation&pg=PA165|title=Unicode Explained|date=2006-06-21|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media, Inc.]]|isbn=978-0-596-10121-3|language=en}}</ref> Apart from ''The Unicode Standard'' (TUS) and its [[addendum|annexes]] (UAX), the Unicode Consortium also maintains the [[Common Locale Data Repository|CLDR]], collaborated with the IETF on [[Internationalized domain name|IDNA]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sikos|first=Leslie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32UnCgAAQBAJ&q=unicode+consortium+IETF+cooperation&pg=PA8|title=Web Standards: Mastering HTML5, CSS3, and XML|date=2014-12-29|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-4842-0883-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kühne|first=Mirjam|date=2007-05-07|title=Plenary Report|url=https://www.ietfjournal.org/plenary-report-7/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=IETF Journal|publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]]|language=en-US}}</ref> and publishes related standards (UTS), reports (UTR), and utilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/index.html#standards |title=Unicode Technical Reports |publisher=Unicode, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/idna.jsp |title=Unicode Utilities: Internationalized Domain Names (IDN) |publisher=Unicode, Inc.}}</ref>

The group selects the [[emoji]] icons used by the world's smartphones, based on submissions from individuals and organizations who present their case with evidence for why each one is needed.<ref name="Who Decides">{{cite web | title=Who Decides Which Emojis Get The Thumbs Up? | date=October 25, 2015 | publisher=NPR | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2015/10/25/451642332/who-decides-which-emojis-get-the-thumbs-up | author=NPR Staff | access-date=February 10, 2019}}</ref>

=== Unicode Technical Committee ===
The Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) meets quarterly to decide whether new characters will be encoded. A quorum of half of the Consortium's full members is required.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-07|title=Approved Minutes of UTC Meeting 160|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19270.htm|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Unicode Consortium|id=L2/19-270}}</ref>

As of May 2024, there are nine full members: [[Adobe Inc.|Adobe]], [[Airbnb]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Google]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]], [[Microsoft]], [[Netflix]], [[Salesforce]] and Translated.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-04|title=Members &ndash; Unicode|url=https://home.unicode.org/membership/members/|access-date=2024-05-04|website=Unicode Consortium}}</ref>

The UTC accepts documents from any organization or individual, whether they are members of the Unicode Consortium or not.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-01|title=Submitting Character Proposals|url=https://unicode.org/pending/proposals.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Unicode Consortium}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Berard|first=Bethany|date=2018-09-01|title=I second that emoji: The standards, structures, and social production of emoji|url=https://www.firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/9381|journal=First Monday|doi=10.5210/fm.v23i9.9381|s2cid=52157507|issn=1396-0466 |doi-access= free|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The UTC holds its meetings behind closed doors.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Fr9L27V337E Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200505235004/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fr9L27V337E&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fr9L27V337E|title=Beyond the emoji|date=2020-05-04|last=de Jong|first=Mea Dols|type=YouTube video|language=en|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> As of July 2020, the UTC rules on both emoji and script proposals at the same meeting.

Due to the [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism|COVID-19 pandemic's effect on travel]], the meetings, which used to be hosted on by various companies for free, were in 2020 held online via [[Zoom (software)|Zoom]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-24|title=UTC Meeting Information and Minutes|url=http://www.unicode.org/L2/meetings/utc-meetings.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Unicode Consortium|quote=Note: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic crisis, until further notice, all Unicode Technical Committee meetings are held via video conference. Details for joining the meeting hosted on the Unicode Zoom account are listed on the logistics page for each meeting.}}</ref> although the discussions remain confidential.

The UTC prefers to work by [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]], but on particularly contentious issues, votes may be necessary.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-01-23|title=Technical Committee Procedures for the Unicode Consortium|url=https://unicode.org/consortium/tc-procedures.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Unicode Consortium}}</ref>{{Rp|§9}} After it meets, the UTC releases a public statement on each proposal it considered.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the volume of proposals, various subcommittees, such as the Script Ad Hoc Group and Emoji Subcommittee, exist to submit recommendations to the full UTC ''[[en banc]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Script Ad Hoc Group|url=https://unicode.org/consortium/scriptadhoc.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Unicode Consortium}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The UTC is under no obligation to heed these recommendations,<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|§1.7}} although in practice it usually does.