Editing United States Census Bureau (section)

== Data collection ==
[[File:Census Regions and Division of the United States.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|U.S. Census Bureau Regions and Divisions]]

=== Census regions and divisions ===
The United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf|access-date=February 3, 2016|author=United States Census Bureau, Geography Division|title=Census Regions and Divisions of the United States|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130107113900/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf|archive-date=January 7, 2013}}</ref> The Census Bureau regions are {{qi|widely used...for data collection and analysis}}.<ref name=NEMS>"The National Energy Modeling System: An Overview 2003" (Report #:DOE/EIA-0581, October 2009). United States Department of Energy, [[Energy Information Administration]].</ref> The Census Bureau definition is pervasive.<ref>"The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U.S. Bureau of the Census." Seymour Sudman and Norman M. Bradburn, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ay2AAAAIAAJ Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515042215/https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ay2AAAAIAAJ |date=May 15, 2016 }}'' (1982). [[Jossey-Bass]]: p. 205.</ref><ref>"Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U.S. Census Bureau." Dale M. Lewison, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUJAQAAMAAJ Retailing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521063523/https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUJAQAAMAAJ&dq=ISBN9780134614274 |date=May 21, 2016 }}'', [[Prentice Hall]] (1997): p. 384. {{ISBN|978-0-13-461427-4}}</ref><ref>"(M)ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four-region format." Pamela Goyan Kittler, Kathryn P. Sucher, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdbaMY5AHEC&pg=PA475 Food and Culture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204040905/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdbaMY5AHEC&lpg=PA475&pg=PA475 |date=December 4, 2016 }}'', [[Cengage Learning]] (2008): p. 475. {{ISBN|978-0495115410}}</ref> The [[Territories of the United States|territories]] are not included, but the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] is.

Regional divisions used by the United States Census Bureau:<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf|title=Census Bureau Regions and Divisions with State FIPS Codes|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=February 3, 2016|archive-date=December 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219134403/https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/technical-documentation/complete-tech-docs/summary-file/2020Census_PL94_171Redistricting_NationalTechDoc.pdf |title=2020 Census National Redistricting Data Summary File |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=August 18, 2021 |pages=88–89 |date=February 2021 |archive-date=June 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627200415/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/technical-documentation/complete-tech-docs/summary-file/2020Census_PL94_171Redistricting_NationalTechDoc.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|+ U.S. Census Bureau Regional Divisions
|-
! Region !! Division !! States
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:#ADD8E6;" | [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]]
| [[New England]]
| {{flag|Connecticut}}<br>{{flag|Maine}}<br>{{flag|Massachusetts}}<br>{{flag|New Hampshire}}<br>{{flag|Rhode Island}}<br>{{flag|Vermont}}
|-
| [[Mid-Atlantic States|Mid-Atlantic]]
| {{flag|New Jersey}}<br>{{flag|New York}}<br>{{flag|Pennsylvania}}
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;" | [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]]
| [[East North Central States|East North Central]]
| {{flag|Illinois}}<br>{{flag|Indiana}}<br>{{flag|Michigan}}<br>{{flag|Ohio}}<br>{{flag|Wisconsin}}
|-
| [[West North Central States|West North Central]]
| {{flag|Iowa}}<br>{{flag|Kansas}}<br>{{flag|Minnesota}}<br>{{flag|Missouri}}<br>{{flag|Nebraska}}<br>{{flag|North Dakota}}<br>{{flag|South Dakota}}
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FFB6C1;" | [[Southern United States|South]]
| [[South Atlantic States|South Atlantic]]
| {{flag|Delaware}}<br>{{flag|District of Columbia}}<br>{{flag|Florida}}<br>[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg|23px|border]] [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<br>{{flag|Maryland}}<br>{{flag|North Carolina}}<br>{{flag|South Carolina}}<br>{{flag|Virginia}}<br>{{flag|West Virginia}}
|-
| [[East South Central States|East South Central]]
| {{flag|Alabama}}<br>{{flag|Kentucky}}<br>{{flag|Mississippi}}<br>{{flag|Tennessee}}
|-
| [[West South Central States|West South Central]]
| {{flag|Arkansas}}<br>{{flag|Louisiana}}<br>{{flag|Oklahoma}}<br>{{flag|Texas}}
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDAB9;" | [[Western United States|West]]
| [[Mountain States|Mountain]]
| {{flag|Arizona}}<br>{{flag|Colorado}}<br>{{flag|Idaho}}<br>{{flag|Montana}}<br>{{flag|Nevada}}<br>{{flag|New Mexico}}<br>{{flag|Utah}}<br>{{flag|Wyoming}}
|-
| [[Pacific States|Pacific]]
| {{flag|Alaska}}<br>{{flag|California}}<br>{{flag|Hawaii}}<br>{{flag|Oregon}}<br>{{flag|Washington}}
|-
|}


==== History ====
The first census was collected in 1790 and published in 1791.<ref name=":1" /> It was 56 pages and cost $44,377.28.<ref name=":1" />

The current system was introduced for the 1910 census, but other ways of grouping states were used historically by the Census Bureau. The first of these was introduced after the 1850 census by statistician and later census superintendent [[J. D. B. De Bow]]. He published a compendium where the states and territories were grouped into five "great divisions", namely the Middle, New England, the Northwestern, the Southern, and the Southwestern great divisions. Unsatisfied with this system, De Bow devised another one four years later, with states and territories grouped into an Eastern, Interior, and Western "great section", each divided into a northern and southern half called "divisions".

In the following decades, several other systems were used, until the current one was introduced in 1910. This system has seen only minor changes: New Mexico and Arizona were both added to the Mountain division upon statehood in 1912, the North region was divided into a Northeast and a North Central region in 1940, Alaska and Hawaii were both added to the Pacific division upon statehood in 1959, and the North Central region was renamed the Midwest in 1984.<ref>[https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/GARM/Ch6GARM.pdf Statistical Groupings of States and Counties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129035331/https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/GARM/Ch6GARM.pdf |date=January 29, 2022 }} (PDF)</ref>

=== Uses of census data ===
Many federal, state, local and tribal governments use census data to:<ref name="Bureau">{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=What We Do |url=https://www.census.gov/about/what.html |access-date=April 28, 2024 |website=Census.gov}}</ref>
* Decide the location of new housing and public facilities,
* Examine the demographic characteristics of communities, states, and the US,
* Plan transportation systems and roadways,
* Determine quotas and creation of police and fire precincts, and
* Create localized areas for elections, schools, utilities, etc.
* Gathers population information every 10 years
Census data is used to determine how seats of Congress are distributed to states.<ref name="Bureau"/> Census data is not used to determine or define race genetically, biologically or anthropologically.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Topic of Race |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html |website=Census.gov}}</ref> The census data is also used by the Bureau to obtain a real-time estimate in U.S. and World Population Clock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Census Bureau Projects U.S. and World Populations on New Year's Day |url=https://www.commerce.gov/news/blog/2024/01/census-bureau-projects-us-and-world-populations-new-years-day |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=U.S. Department of Commerce |language=en}}</ref> Only peoples whose live in the 50 states and within the District of Columbia are included in the estimation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population Clock |url=https://www.census.gov/popclock/ |access-date=May 5, 2024 |website=www.census.gov}}</ref>

=== Data stewardship ===
The United States Census Bureau is committed to confidentiality and guarantees non-disclosure of any addresses or personal information related to individuals or establishments. [[Title 13 of the United States Code|Title 13]] of the [[United States Code|U.S. Code]] establishes penalties for the disclosure of this information. All census employees must sign an [[affidavit]] of non-disclosure prior to employment. This non-disclosure states {{qi|I will not disclose any information contained in the schedules, lists, or statements obtained for or prepared by the Census Bureau to any person or persons either during or after employment.}}<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=Oath of Non-Disclosure |url=https://www.census.gov/about/policies/privacy/data_stewardship/oath_of_non-disclosure.html |access-date=May 5, 2024 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> The punishment for breaking the non-disclosure is a fine up to $250,000 or five years in prison.

The bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone, including the United States or foreign governments, or law enforcement agencies such as the [[IRS]] or the [[FBI]] or [[Interpol]]. {{qi|Providing quality data, for public good—while respecting individual privacy and, at the same time, protecting confidentiality—is the Census Bureau's core responsibility}}; {{qi|Keeping the public's trust is critical to the Census's ability to carry out the mission as the leading source of quality data about the Nation's people and economy.}}<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.census.gov/po/www/foia/D590.pdf|date=April 2009|title=Census Employee Handbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117214039/http://www.census.gov/po/www/foia/D590.pdf|archive-date=January 17, 2012}}</ref> Only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public.<ref name="The 72-Year Rule">{{cite web|title=72-Year Rule|url=https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2015|archive-date=April 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416202132/https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Seventy-two years was picked because usually by 72 years since the census is taken, most participants would be deceased.<ref name="The 72-Year Rule" />

Despite these guarantees of confidentiality, the Census Bureau has some history of disclosures to other government agencies. In 1918, the Census Bureau released individual information regarding several hundred young men to the Justice Department and [[Selective Service]] system for the purpose of prosecutions for draft evasion.<ref>{{citation |url=http://aascpress.metapress.com/content/jk115283m54v4313/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701170027/http://aascpress.metapress.com/content/jk115283m54v4313/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=July 1, 2012|journal=[[Amerasia Journal]] |publisher=[[UCLA Asian American Studies Center]] Press|issn=0044-7471|volume=8|number=2|date=Fall–Winter 1981|pages=111–120|title=The Myth of Census Confidentiality |doi=10.17953/amer.8.2.jk115283m54v4313|last1=Okamura|first1=Raymond Y.|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/census-confidentiality-checks-is-mail|title=Census Confidentiality? The Check's in the Mail|author=David Kopel|date=May 4, 1990|publisher=[[Cato Institute]]|author-link=David Kopel|access-date=February 9, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805183101/https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/census-confidentiality-checks-is-mail|url-status=live}}</ref> During [[World War II]], the United States Census Bureau assisted the government's [[Japanese American internment]] efforts by providing confidential neighborhood information on [[Japanese-Americans]]. The bureau's role was denied for decades but was finally proven in 2007.<ref>{{citation|title=Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=confirmed-the-us-census-b&sc=I100322|work=[[Scientific American]]|author=JR Minkel|date=March 30, 2007|access-date=March 20, 2010|archive-date=August 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829181345/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=confirmed-the-us-census-b&sc=I100322|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-30-census-role_N.htm |title=Papers show Census role in WWII camps |work=[[USA Today]] |author=Haya El Nasser |date=March 30, 2007 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826005305/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-30-census-role_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

United States census data are valuable for the country's political parties; [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] are highly interested in knowing the accurate number of persons in their respective districts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nobles|first=Melissa|date=2000|title=Shades of Citizenship: Race and the Census in Modern Politics|location=Stanford, CA|publisher=Stanford University Press|page=ix|isbn=9780804740135}}</ref> These insights are often linked to financial and economic strategies that are central to federal, state and city investments for locations of particular populations.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Breiman|first1=Leo|date=1994|title=The 1991 Census Adjustment: Undercount or Bad Data?|journal=[[Statist. Sci.]]|volume=9|issue=4|pages=458–475|doi=10.1214/ss/1177010259|doi-access=free}}</ref> Such apportionments are designed to distribute political power across neutral spatial allocations; however, {{qi|because so much is at stake, the census also runs the risk of being politicized.}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=Margo|last2=Fienberg|first2=Stephen|date=1999|title=Who Counts?: The Politics of Census-Taking in Contemporary America|jstor=10.7758/9781610440059|publisher=[[Russell Sage Foundation]]|page=17|isbn=978-1-61044-005-9}}</ref>

Such political tensions highlight the complexity of [[Identity (social science)|identity]] and [[classification]]; some argue that unclear results from the population data {{qi|is due to distortions brought about by political pressures.}}<ref name="Petersen 1987 187–234">{{cite book|last=Petersen|first=William|editor-last1=Alonso|editor-first1=William|editor-last2=Starr|editor-first2=Paul|title=The Politics of Numbers|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofnumber00alon_0|chapter-url-access=registration|publisher=Russell Sage Foundation|date=1987|pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicsofnumber00alon_0/page/187 187–234]|chapter=Politics and the Measurement of Ethnicity|isbn=978-1-61044-002-8}}</ref> One frequently used example includes ambiguous ethnic counts, which often involves underenumeration and/or undercounting of minority populations.<ref name="Petersen 1987 187–234"/> Ideas about race, ethnicity and identity have also evolved in the United States, and such changes warrant examination of how these shifts have impacted the accuracy of census data over time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/news/2015/02/06/103605/infographic-government-collection-of-race-and-ethnicity-data|title=Government collection of race and ethnicity data|last1=Ahmad|first1=Farah|last2=Hagler|first2=Jamal|publisher=[[Center for American Progress]]|date=February 6, 2015|access-date=November 18, 2017|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181801/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/news/2015/02/06/103605/infographic-government-collection-of-race-and-ethnicity-data/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The United States Census Bureau began pursuing technological innovations to improve the precision of its census data collection in the 1980s. Robert W. Marx, the Chief of the Geography Division of the USCB, teamed up with the [[United States Geological Survey|U.S. Geological Survey]] and oversaw the creation of the [[Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing]] (TIGER) database system.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=http://www.aag.org/cs/membership/tributes_memorials/mr/marx_robert_w |title=Memorials and Tributes: Robert W. Marx |magazine=American Association of Geographers Newsletter |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=14 |access-date=November 20, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032825/http://www.aag.org/cs/membership/tributes_memorials/mr/marx_robert_w |url-status=live }}</ref> Census officials were able to evaluate the more sophisticated and detailed results that the TIGER system produced; furthermore, TIGER data is also available to the public. And while the TIGER system does not directly amass demographic data, as a [[geographic information system]] (GIS), it can be used to merge [[demographics]] to conduct more accurate geospatial and mapping analysis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ostenso|first1=John|date=1991|title=The Statistics Corner: More New Products from the Census Bureau |jstor=23485837 |journal=Business Economics|volume=26|issue=4|pages=62–64}}</ref>

In July 2019, the Census Bureau stopped releasing new data via American FactFinder, which was decommissioned in March 2020 after 20 years of being the agency's primary tool for data dissemination.<ref>{{cite press release|title=American FactFinder Is Retiring March 31|url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/american-factfinder-retiring.html|access-date=December 23, 2020|date=March 17, 2020|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-date=December 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218004518/https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/american-factfinder-retiring.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new platform is data.census.gov.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/academy/webinars/2019/transition-data-census.html |title=Accessing Census Data in 2019: The Transition to data.census.gov |publisher=US Census Bureau |language=EN-US |access-date=July 11, 2019 |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711010422/https://www.census.gov/data/academy/webinars/2019/transition-data-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Ongoing surveys ===
[[File:Video explaining how to use data.census.gov.ogg|thumb|A social media video from the Census Bureau explaining how to use data.census.gov, an online platform that enables the public to search and use data from their Bureau's surveys.]]
Throughout the decade between censuses, the bureau conducts surveys to produce a general view and comprehensive study of the United States' social and economic conditions. Staff from the Current Surveys Program conduct over 130 ongoing and special surveys about people and their characteristics.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of All Surveys|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/are-you-in-a-survey/survey-list.html|website=Census.gov|access-date=April 4, 2015|archive-date=April 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403204750/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/are-you-in-a-survey/survey-list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A network of professional field representatives gathers information from a sample of households, responding to questions about employment, consumer expenditures, health, housing, and other topics.

'''Surveys conducted between decades:'''
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em|
* [[American Community Survey]]
* [[American Housing Survey]]
* [[Consumer Expenditure Survey]]
* [[United States Census of Governments|Census of Governments]]
* [[Current Population Survey]]
* [[United States Economic Census|Economic Census]]
* National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd/index.htm|title=NAMCS/NHAMCS – Ambulatory Health Care Data Homepage|date=August 20, 2018|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=September 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919202108/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm National Health Interview Survey]
* National Hospital Care Survey<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds/index.htm|title=NHDS – National Hospital Discharge Survey Homepage|date=January 10, 2018|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=September 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919204255/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
* [[National Crime Victimization Survey]]
* National Nursing Home Survey<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nnhs/index.htm|title=NNHS – National Nursing Home Survey Homepage|date=September 12, 2018|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913150255/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nnhs/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Survey of Income and Program Participation]]
* Survey of Construction<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/co0400.html|title=US Census Bureau Business and Industry Main Page|first=US Census Bureau Economic|last=Directorate|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112742/https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/co0400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Survey of Market Absorption<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/soma/overview.html|title=Survey of Market Absorption of Apartments – Overview|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=July 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715083014/http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/soma/overview.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Survey of Program Dynamics<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sipp/about/spd.html|title=Survey of Program Dynamics|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112721/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sipp/about/spd.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[National Longitudinal Survey]]
* National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, & Wildlife-Associated Recreation<ref>[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/fhwar.html www.census.gov/programs-surveys/fhwar.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914112833/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/fhwar.html |date=September 14, 2018 }} (2016, 2011, 2006, 2001, 1996, 1991)</ref>
* Residential Finance Survey<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/rfs.html|title=Residential Finance Survey (RFS)|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=December 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230045546/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/rfs.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol Related Conditions
* Annual Retail Trade Survey<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/re0200.html|title=US Census Bureau Site Name main page|first=US Census Bureau Creating office name|last=here|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=October 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027001930/https://www.census.gov/econ/overview/re0200.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Annual Wholesale Trade Survey<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/awts|title=Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS)|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=January 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116175001/https://www.census.gov/awts|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Annual and Quarterly Services Surveys
}}

=== Other surveys conducted ===
The Census Bureau also collects information on behalf of survey sponsors. These sponsors include the [[Bureau of Justice Statistics]] (BJS), the [[Department of Housing and Urban Development]] (HUD), the [[National Center for Education Statistics]] (NCES), and the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF), among others.