Editing V4 engine (section)

==Automobile use==
[[File:ZAZ-965AE Engine.JPG|thumb|1960–1994 [[ZAZ Zaporozhets]] aircooled V4]]
[[File:Fuoriserie 2014 131.JPG|thumb|1963–1976 [[Lancia V4 engine]] ]]
[[File:1974 Saab Sonett III engine (Lime Rock).jpg|thumb|right|1970–1974 [[Ford Taunus V4 engine]] (in a Saab Sonett III)]]

The earliest automotive use of V4 engines were in Grand Prix racing (later called 'Formula One') cars. One of the pioneering V4 engines was in the 1898 [[Mors (automobile)|Mors]] rear-engined car built in France.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grand Prix Cars - Mors 60 HP |url= http://www.grandprixhistory.org/mors60.htm |website=grandprixhistory.org |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MORS |url= http://www.brighton-early.com/mors.html |website=brighton-early.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20041209153244/http://www.brighton-early.com/mors.html |archive-date=9 December 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref> At the time, the lack of vibration from the V4 engine was a key selling point.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Mors Motor-Car |journal=The Automotor and Horseless Carriage Journal |date=March 1897 |pages= 272–273}}</ref> However, the car's V4 engine was replaced by a conventional inline-four engine by 1901.

In the [[1907 French Grand Prix]], the car entered by [[J. Walter Christie]] used a {{convert|19891|cc|CID|0|abbr=on}} V4 engine, the largest engine ever used in a Grand Prix race.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 10, motores V4 como el de Porsche en Le Mans |url= http://revistacar.es/top-10-motores-v4/ |website=revistacar.es |language=es-ES |date=17 July 2017 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> The engine was mounted transversely in the front and the car was front-wheel drive. The car retired from the French Grand Prix after just four laps, however, it later set a speed record of {{convert|164|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Walters V4 |url= https://www.klassiker.nu/reportage/walters-v4 |website=klassiker.nu |access-date=7 December 2019 |language=sv |date=30 October 2018}}</ref>

The first V4 engine used in production cars was the [[Lancia V4 engine]] that was first used in the 1922 [[Lancia Lambda]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=100 Years of Motoring |journal=The Motor |date=25 May 1985 |page=52 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=22NWAAAAMAAJ&q=A+narrow-angle+V4+engine+plus+sliding+pillar+independent+front+suspension+also+found+a+place+in+the+Lambda,+though+Lancia |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> The Lancia engine was a narrow-angle design with an angle of 20 degrees between the banks and a single cylinder head with one overhead camshaft shared by both banks. It also used [[aluminium]] for both the block and head (which was unusual for the time).<ref name="Car Throttle"/> Lancia produced V4 engines until 1976, when they were replaced by flat-four engines.

The 1960–1994 [[ZAZ Zaporozhets]] is a Soviet city-type car that used a rear-mounted V4 engine.<ref name="Car Throttle"/> This engine was based on the design used in the [[LuAZ-967]] amphibious military vehicle. It featured air-cooling with a magnesium block and was produced in displacements from {{convert|0.7|-|1.2|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Baldwin |first=Nick |title=The World guide to automobile manufacturers |year=1987 |publisher=Facts on File Publications |isbn=9780816018444 |page=530 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iJa1AAAAIAAJ&q=the+original+ZAZ-965+had+a+rear-mounted+746cc+V4+engine+and+a+monocoque+two-door |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref>

The [[List of AMC engines#Air-cooled 108|AMC Air-cooled 108]] was a {{convert|108|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} engine built from 1960 to 1963 for use in the lightweight [[M422 Mighty Mite]] military vehicle.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.4wdonline.com/Mil/M422/MightyMite.html |title=Mighty Mite M422 |publisher=4WD Online |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065812/http://www.4wdonline.com/Mil/M422/MightyMite.html |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Morr |first=Tom |title=1961 AMC M422A1 Mighty Mite - Tin Soldier |url= http://www.fourwheeler.com/features/131-1301-1961-amc-m422a1-mighty-mite/ |publisher=Four Wheeler Network |date=1 January 2013 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> The M422 developed was by [[American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) in the United States and specifically designed to be transported by helicopter.<ref>{{cite web |title=AMC M422 Mighty Mite Jeep (1959-62) |url= https://motor-car.net/amc/item/14085-m422-mighty-mite |website=motor-car.net |access-date=7 December 2019 |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ranking The Best And Weirdest Engines Ever Made By Jeep |url= https://autowise.com/the-best-jeep-engines-ever-produced/ |website=autowise.com |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>

Beginning in the 1960s, Ford's European divisions produced two unrelated V4 engines.<ref name="Car Throttle">{{cite web|title=Obsolete Engines 101: The Mythical "V4" |url= http://www.carthrottle.com/obsolete-engines-101-the-mythical-v4/ |work=Car Throttle |access-date=19 July 2012 |date=10 September 2009}}</ref> The first was the [[Ford Taunus V4 engine]], produced in Germany from 1962 to 1981. The Taunus was a 60-degree V4 engine with water cooling and overhead valves. Initially designed for use in front-engined cars, it was used in various Ford models and also used in the front-wheel-drive [[Saab 95]], [[Saab 96]], and [[Saab Sonett]] models. It was also used in the mid-engine [[Matra 530]] sports car.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cole |first=Lance |title=SAAB 99 & 900: The Complete Story |year=2011 |publisher=Crowood |isbn=9781847973528 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DaR8AwAAQBAJ&dq=The+V4+engine,+ideal+for+the+96,+was+boughtinfrom+Ford&pg=PT26 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McCourt |first=Mark J. |title=1971 Saab 96 V4: A Ford-sourced engine gave this Swede a new lease on life |journal=Hemmings Motor News |date=December 2017 |url= https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hmn/2017/12/1971-Saab-96-V4/3751355.html |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Henshaw |first=Peter |title=Sports Cars: 500 Series |year=2004 |publisher=MBI Publishing |isbn=9780760319956 |page=178 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NRRP7AyFwwYC&dq=The+MS530+looked+good,+and+was+powered+by+Ford%27s+compact+1.5+liter+V4+engine&pg=PA178 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> The second Ford V4 engine was the [[Ford Essex V4 engine]], produced in the United Kingdom from 1965 to 1977 and used in several Ford Corsair, Capri, Consul, Zephyr, and Transit models.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lee |first=Peter |title=Ford Transit: Fifty Years |year=2015 |publisher=Crowood |isbn=9781847978745 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CbbzCQAAQBAJ&dq=revolutionary+V4+engines+Transit&pg=PT81 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> Although designed separately from the Taunus engine, the Essex also was a 60-degree V4 with water cooling, overhead valves, and designed for use in front-engined cars/vans.

The [[Porsche 919 Hybrid]] LMP1 racing car used in the 2014–2017 seasons used a {{convert|2.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} 90-degree turbocharged V4 engine that was mid-mounted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Porsche starts in Le Mans with four works cars|url= http://www.porsche.com/uk/aboutporsche/pressreleases/pag/?pool=international-de&id=25E069745942CA3DC1257C7D00456E75|work=Porsche AG|access-date=16 February 2014|date=13 January 2014}}</ref>