Editing VHS (section)

=== Before VHS ===
{{further|Video tape recorder}}

In 1956, after several attempts by other companies, the first commercially successful VTR, the [[Quadruplex videotape|Ampex VRX-1000]], was introduced by [[Ampex|Ampex Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cedmagic.com/history/ampex-commercial-vtr-1956.html |title=AMPEX VRX-1000 – The First Commercial Videotape Recorder in 1956 | publisher=CED Magic |access-date=2013-03-24}}</ref> At a price of US$50,000 in 1956 ({{Inflation|US|50000|1956|fmt=eq}}) and US$300 ({{Inflation|US|300|1956|fmt=eq}}) for a 90-minute reel of tape, it was intended only for the professional market.<ref>{{Cite web |title=vhsc |url=https://throughopenlens.com/tag/vhsc/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Through Open Lens |language=en}}</ref>

[[Kenjiro Takayanagi]], a television broadcasting pioneer then working for [[JVC]] as its vice president, saw the need for his company to produce VTRs for the Japanese market at a more affordable price. In 1959, JVC developed a two-head video tape recorder and, by 1960, a color version for professional broadcasting.<ref name="takayanagi">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOMOmmrvwCcC|title=The History of Television 1942-2000, pg 169 |publisher=Albert Abramson |year=2003 |access-date=2013-03-24|isbn=9780786432431}}</ref> In 1964, JVC released the DV220, which would be the company's standard VTR until the mid-1970s.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

In 1969, JVC collaborated with [[Sony Corporation]] and [[Matsushita Electric]] (Matsushita was the majority stockholder of JVC until 2011) to build a video recording standard for the Japanese consumer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ce.org/Press/CEA_Pubs/941.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813163356/http://www.ce.org/Press/CEA_Pubs/941.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 13, 2006 |title=VCR |publisher=Ce.org |access-date=2011-07-11 }}</ref> The effort produced the [[U-matic]] format in 1971, which was the first cassette format to become a unified standard for different companies.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} It was preceded by the reel-to-reel {{frac|1|2}}" EIAJ format.

The U-matic format was successful in businesses and some broadcast television applications, such as electronic news-gathering, and was produced by all three companies until the late 1980s, but because of cost and limited recording time, very few of the machines were sold for home use.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Therefore, soon after the U-Matic release, all three companies started working on new consumer-grade video recording formats of their own. Sony started working on [[Betamax]], Matsushita started working on [[VX (videocassette format)|VX]], and JVC released the CR-6060 in 1975, based on the U-matic format.