Editing Verb framing (section)

==Examples from English and French==
The Romance languages, such as French, are normally verb-framed, and the Germanic languages, such as English, are satellite-framed. To express motion events, English typically expresses manner in the verb, and French typically express path in the verb and either avoid the manner of motion completely or express it in a complement of manner. For example, "He ran into the room" is routinely translated as ''Il est entré dans la pièce'' and only sometimes ''Il est entré dans la pièce en courant'' ("he entered the room running").<ref>This was already mentioned in Vinay & Darbelnet (1958)</ref> That means that the verb itself normally does not express manner in French, as opposed to what is generally the case in English, and that if manner is expressed, it is expressed in a complement (or, more precisely, an adjunct) of manner: ''en courant'' ("running").

The question remains of whether to express manner. It is not always easy to know, but manner is generally left unexpressed when it can be considered to be self-evident and inferred from the context. Expressing the manner then tends to sound unnatural.<ref>"Users of verb-framed languages specify MANNER in clauses with PATH verbs only when motor pattern or rate of movement is really at issue" (Slobin 2004: 8).</ref> Thus, "He ran into the room" can be translated as ''Il est entré dans la pièce en courant'' because it is slightly unusual to run into a room and so manner should be mentioned. However, translating "He walked into the room" as ''Il est entré dans la pièce à pied'' ("on foot") or ''en marchant'' ("walking") is distinctly odd because it calls unintended attention to the usual way in which one enters a room and is akin to saying in English "he entered the room walking."

Only in a case in which walking would be considered unusual or notable such as in  talking about a crippled person, can the fact that he "walked" into the room be considered to be relevant. Likewise, saying "I'm flying to[[London]]" a plane is normal in English, but saying ''Je vole'' ("I'm flying") in French for the same situation is odd because the verb is not one for which manner should be normally expressed in the first place, and flying is also a common way to travel to London from [[France]].

That means that the choice of [[complement (linguistics)|complement]], particularly the choice of the [[preposition]], may also be affected. In English, the [[grammatical particle|particle]] or the prepositional phrase (the "satellite") has the path expressed by the use of a dynamic preposition: "(walk) into (the room)", "(fly) to (London)." However, in French, the verb normally expresses the path. A preposition like ''à'' ("to, at, in") is ambiguous between a static reading (''Je suis à Paris''/"I'm in Paris") and a dynamic reading (''Je vais à Paris''/"I'm going to Paris"). If the verb is dynamic and expresses directed motion (motion with an intrinsic direction), ''à'' can express movement (''Je vais à Paris''). If not, as is the case for instance with ''voler'' ("to fly"), which expresses manner of motion but not directed motion, ''à'' tends to receive a static, not a dynamic, interpretation: ''je vole à Paris'' would mean something like "I'm flying IN Paris." not "I'm flying TO Paris." Using the same structure in French as directly translated from English may be doubly misleading, as both the verb and the preposition are unusual: ''Je vais à'' ("I'm going to") or ''Je suis en route'' ("I am on my way") ''vers''/''pour Paris'' ("towards/for Paris") are much clearer in meaning.