Editing Voiceless retroflex fricative (section)

==Occurrence==
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between [[apical consonant|apical]] {{IPA|[ʂ̺]}} and [[laminal consonant|laminal]] {{IPA|[ʂ̻]}}.

The commonality of {{IPA|[ʂ]}} cross-linguistically is 6% in a phonological analysis of 2155 languages.<ref>Phoible.org. (2018). PHOIBLE Online - Segments. [online] Available at: http://phoible.org/parameters.</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] || {{lang|ab|[[Abkhaz alphabet|ам'''ш'''/amš]]}} || {{IPA|[amʂ]}} || 'day' || See [[Abkhaz phonology]] 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] || {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|п'''шъ'''а'''шъ'''э/pšáša]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pshahsa.ogg|[pʂ̻aːʂ̻a]}} || 'girl' || Laminal.
|-
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Mandarin language|Mandarin]] || {{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|石]]}}/{{lang|cmn-Latn|[[Hanyu Pinyin|'''sh'''í]]}} || {{IPA|[ʂ̺ɻ̩˧˥]}} || 'stone' || Apical. See [[Mandarin phonology]]
|-
|[[Emilian-Romagnol language|Emilian-Romagnol]]
|[[Romagnol dialects|Romagnol]]
|{{lang|rgn|'''s'''é}}
|{{IPA|[ˈʂĕ]}}
|'yes'
|Apical; may be {{IPAblink|s̺|s̺ʲ}} or {{IPAblink|ʃ}} instead.
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Faroese language|Faroese]] || {{lang|fo|fý'''rs'''}} || {{IPA|[fʊʂ]}} || 'eighty'|| 
|-
| {{lang|fo|[[Faroese orthography|be'''r'''t]]}}
| {{IPA|[pɛɻ̊ʈ]}}
| 'only'
| Devoiced approximant allophone of {{IPA|/r/}}.{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=115}} See [[Faroese phonology]]
|-
| [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] || [[Hindi]] || {{lang|hi|[[Devanagari|कष्ट/kašť]]}}||{{IPA|[ˈkəʂʈ]}} || 'trouble' || See [[Hindi phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Hmong language|Hmong]] || {{script|Hmng|[[Pahawh Hmong|𖬤𖬵]]}} / {{lang|hmn|[[Romanized Popular Alphabet |'''s'''au]]}} || {{IPA|[ʂau˧]}} || 'to write'
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Kannada]]
|[[Kannada script|ಕಷ್ಟ/kašťa]]
|{{IPA|[kɐʂʈɐ]}}
|'difficult'
|Only in loanwords. See [[Kannada phonology]].
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
|{{lang|kk|шағын, şağın}}
|{{IPA|[ʂɑɣɯn]}}
|'small, compact'
|See [[Kazakh phonology]]
|-
| [[Khanty language|Khanty]]||Most northern dialects||{{lang|kca|'''ш'''а'''ш'''/šaš}}||{{IPA|[ʂɑʂ]}}||'knee'||Corresponds to a [[voiceless retroflex affricate]] {{IPA|/ʈ͡ʂ/}} in the southern and eastern dialects.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]<ref name="Šewc">{{harvp|Šewc-Schuster|1984|pp=40–41}}</ref>{{sfnp|Zygis|2003|pp=180–181, 190–191}} || {{lang|dsb|gla'''ž'''k}} || {{IPA|[ˈɡläʂk]}} || 'glass' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] || {{lang|ml|[[Malayalam script|കഷ്ടം/kaštam]]}} || {{IPA|[kɐʂʈɐm]}} || 'difficult' ||  Only occurs in loanwords.
See [[Malayalam phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Mapuche language|Mapudungun]]{{sfnp|Sadowsky|Painequeo|Salamanca|Avelino|2013|p=90}} || {{lang|arn|[[Mapudungun alphabet|truku'''r''']]}} || {{IPA|[ʈ͡ʂʊ̝ˈkʊʂ]}} || 'fog' || Possible allophone of {{IPA|/ʐ/}} in post-nuclear position.{{sfnp|Sadowsky|Painequeo|Salamanca|Avelino|2013|p=90}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || {{lang|mr|[[Devanagari|ऋ'''षी'''/reši]]}} || {{IPA|[r̩ʂiː]}}|| 'sage' ||See [[Marathi phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nepali language|Nepali]] || {{lang|ne|[[Devanāgarī|षष्ठी/sóšthi]]}}||{{IPA|[sʌʂʈʰi]}}|| '[[Shashthi (day)]]' ||Allophone of /s/ in neighbourhood of retroflex consonants.
See [[Nepali phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|no'''rs'''k]]}} || {{IPA|[nɔʂk]}} || 'Norwegian' || Allophone of the sequence {{IPA|/ɾs/}} in many dialects, including [[Urban East Norwegian]]. See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Oʼodham language|Oʼodham]] || Cuk-'''Ṣ'''on || {{IPA|[tʃʊk ʂɔn]}} || [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]]
|
|-
| [[Pashto language|Pashto]] || Southern dialect || [[Pashto alphabet|<span style="font-size:125%;">ښودل</span>/šodël]] || {{IPA|[ʂodəl]}} || 'to show' || 
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Polish language|Polish]] || Standard<ref name="Hamann">{{harvp|Hamann|2004|p=65}}</ref> || {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''sz'''um]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-szum.ogg|[ʂ̻um]}} || 'rustle' || After voiceless consonants it is also represented by {{angbr|rz}}. When written so, it can be instead pronounced as the [[voiceless raised alveolar non-sonorant trill]] by few speakers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=218&Itemid=58|title=Gwary polskie - Frykatywne rż (ř)|first=Halina|last=Karaś|access-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113214551/http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=218&Itemid=58|archive-date=2013-11-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is transcribed {{IPA|/ʃ/}} by most Polish scholars. See [[Polish phonology]]
|-
| [[Dialects of Polish|Southeastern Cuyavian dialects]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=862&Itemid=17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113203509/http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=862&Itemid=17|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-11-13|title=Gwary polskie - Gwara regionu|first=Barbara|last=Taras}}</ref> || rowspan="2" | {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''s'''chowali]]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ʂxɔˈväli]}} || rowspan="2" | 'they hid' || rowspan="2" | Some speakers. It's a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of {{IPA|/ʂ/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} into {{IPAblink|s̪|s}} (see [[szadzenie]]).
|-
| [[Masovian dialect|Suwałki dialect]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113204558/http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=58|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-11-13|title=Gwary polskie - Szadzenie|first=Halina|last=Karaś}}</ref>
|- 
| rowspan="2" |[[Romanian language|Romanian]] || Moldavian dialects{{sfnp|Pop|1938|p=31}} || rowspan="2" |{{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|'''ș'''ură]]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|['ʂurə]}} || rowspan="2" | 'barn' || rowspan="2" | Apical.{{sfnp|Pop|1938|p=31}} See [[Romanian phonology]]
|- 
| Transylvanian dialects{{sfnp|Pop|1938|p=31}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref name="Hamann"/> || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''ш'''ут/šut]]}} || {{IPA|[ʂut̪]}} || 'jester' || See [[Russian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Serbo-Croatian]] || {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''š'''al]]}} / {{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|'''ш'''ал]]}} || {{IPA|[ʂâ̠ːl]}} || 'scarf' || Typically transcribed as /ʃ/. See [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Slovak language|Slovak]]{{sfnp|Hanulíková|Hamann|2010|p=374}} || {{lang|sk|[[Slovak alphabet|'''š'''atka]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈʂätkä]}} || 'kerchief' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|fo'''rs''']]}} || {{IPA|[fɔʂ]}} || 'rapids' || Allophone of the sequence {{IPA|/rs/}} in many dialects, including Central Standard Swedish. See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| {{lang|ta|[[Tamil script|கஷ்டம்/kaštham]]}}
| rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[kɐʂʈɐm]}}
| rowspan="2" | 'difficult'
| Only occurs in loanwords, often replaced with /s/. See [[Tamil phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| {{lang|te|[[Telugu script|కష్టం/kaštam]]}}
| Only occurs in loanwords. See [[Telugu phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Toda language|Toda]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=168}} || || {{IPA|[pɔʂ]}} || '(clan name)' || [[Subapical consonant|Subapical]], contrasts /θ s̪ s̠ ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ/.{{sfnp|Krishnamurti|2003|p=66}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Torwali language|Torwali]]{{sfnp|Lunsford|2001|pp=16–20}} || [[Arabic alphabet|šeš/ݜیݜ]] || {{IPA|[ʂeʂ]}} || 'thin rope' || 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]] || || {{IPA|[ʂ̺a]}}|| 'head'|| See [[Ubykh phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian orthography|'''ш'''ахи/šahy]]}}
|[ˈʂɑxɪ]
|'chess'
|See [[Ukrainian phonology]]
|-
| [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]] || Some dialects{{sfnp|Šewc-Schuster|1984|p=41}}{{sfnp|Zygis|2003|p=180}} ||{{example needed|date=June 2015}} || — || — || Used in dialects spoken in villages north of [[Hoyerswerda]]; corresponds to {{IPAblink|ʃ}} in standard language.<ref name="Šewc"/>
|-
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]||Southern dialects{{sfnp|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}} || {{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|'''s'''ữa]]}} || {{IPA|[ʂɨə˧ˀ˥]}}|| 'milk'||See [[Vietnamese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Yi language|Yi]] ||{{lang|ii|[[Yi script|ꏂ]]}}/{{lang|ii-Latn|'''sh'''y}} || {{IPA|[ʂ̺ɹ̩˧]}}|| 'gold'||
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Yurok language|Yurok]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Yurok consonants|url=http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~yurok/web/consonants.php|website=Yurok Language Project|publisher=UC Berkeley|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref> ||'''''s'''egep'' || {{IPA|[ʂɛɣep]}} ||'coyote'
|
|-
| [[Zapotec language|Zapotec]]|| [[Tilquiapan Zapotec|Tilquiapan]]{{sfnp|Merrill|2008|p=109}} || {{example needed|date=December 2018}}|| — || — || Allophone of {{IPA|/ʃ/}} before {{IPA|[a]}} and {{IPA|[u]}}.
|}