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Von Neumann bicommutant theorem
(section)
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===Proof of (i)=== For any {{mvar|x}} and {{mvar|y}} in {{mvar|H}}, the map ''T'' β <''Tx'', ''y''> is continuous in the weak operator topology, by its definition. Therefore, for any fixed operator {{mvar|O}}, so is the map :<math>T \to \langle (OT - TO)x, y\rangle = \langle Tx, O^*y\rangle - \langle TOx, y\rangle </math> Let ''S'' be any subset of {{math|''L''(''H'')}}, and ''S''β² its [[commutant]]. For any operator {{mvar|T}} in ''S''β², this function is zero for all ''O'' in ''S''. For any {{mvar|T}} not in ''S''β², it must be nonzero for some ''O'' in ''S'' and some ''x'' and ''y'' in {{mvar|H}}. By its continuity there is an open neighborhood of {{mvar|T}} for the weak operator topology on which it is nonzero, and which therefore is also not in ''S''β². Hence any commutant ''S''β² is [[Closed set|closed]] in the weak operator topology. In particular, so is {{math|'''M'''β²β²}}; since it contains {{math|'''M'''}}, it also contains its weak operator closure.
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