Editing Webcast (section)

==History==
The earliest graphically oriented web broadcasts were not streaming video, but were in fact still frames which were photographed with a web camera every few minutes while they were being broadcast live over the Internet. These broadcasts were not referred to as "webcasts" at the time. One of the earliest instances of sequential live image broadcasting was in 1991 when a camera was set up next to the Trojan Room in the computer laboratory of the [[University of Cambridge]]. It provided a live picture every few minutes of the office coffee pot to all desktop computers on that office's network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/coffee/qsf/coffee.html|title=The Trojan Room Coffee Pot|author=Quentin Stafford- Fraser|access-date=October 3, 2017|archive-date=May 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503025617/https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/coffee/qsf/coffee.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A couple of years later its broadcasts went to the Internet, became known as the [[Trojan Room coffee pot|Trojan Room Coffee Pot webcam]], and gained international notoriety as a feature of the fledgling [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gizmodo.com/5993583/the-worlds-first-webcam-was-created-to-check-a-coffee-pot-remotely | title=The World's First Webcam Was Created to Check a Coffee Pot | author=Jamie Condliffe | date=April 4, 2013 | access-date=February 2, 2018 | archive-date=September 10, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910162254/http://gizmodo.com/5993583/the-worlds-first-webcam-was-created-to-check-a-coffee-pot-remotely | url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 1995, a program called Webcast, from the [[National Center for Supercomputing Applications]] (NCSA) was demonstrated at the Third International World Wide Web Conference (now known as [[The Web Conference]]) in Darmstadt, Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archives.iw3c2.org/www3/mbone/webcast.html|title=Collaborative Document sharing via the MBONE|author=Ed Burns|access-date=February 8, 2025|archive-date=July 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711224318/https://archives.iw3c2.org/www3/mbone/webcast.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Webcast used [[NCSA Mosaic]] for [[X Window System|X]] to broadcast pages from the lecturer's browser to other connected browsers on the [[Mbone]] in real time.

Later in 1996 an American college student and [[conceptual art]]ist, [[Jenny Ringley]], set up a web camera similar to the Trojan Room Coffee Pot's [[webcam]] in her dorm room.<ref name="disobey">{{cite web |title=Forgotten Web Celebrities: Jennicam.org's Jennifer Ringley |url=http://www.disobey.com/ghostsites/2004_05_19_archive.html |access-date=March 27, 2014 |date=May 19, 2004 |first=Steve |last=Baldwin |publisher=Disobey.com: Content for the discontented (blog) |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224132134/https://www.disobey.com/ghostsites/2004_05_19_archive.html |url-status=live }}</ref> That webcam photographed her every few minutes while it broadcast those images live over the Internet upon a site called ''JenniCam''. Ringley wanted to portray all aspects of her lifestyle and the camera captured her doing almost everything&nbsp;– brushing her teeth, doing her laundry, and even having sex with her boyfriend.<ref name=Bartlett>{{cite book|first=Jamie|last=Bartlett|chapter=Chapter 6: Lights, Web-camera, Action|pages=166–192|title=The Dark Net: Inside the Digital Underworld|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTlUBAAAQBAJ|location=London|publisher=Melville House|year=2014|isbn=9780434023172|access-date=February 5, 2018|archive-date=August 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823181110/https://books.google.com/books?id=mTlUBAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Senft1>{{cite book|first=Theresa |last=Senft| chapter=Chapter 1 – Keeping it Real on the Web: Authenticity, Celebrity, Branding | pages=15–17 |title=Camgirls: Celebrity & Community in the Age of Social Networks |location= New York | publisher=  Peter Lang Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8204-5694-2}}</ref> Her website generated millions of hits upon the Internet, became a pay site in 1998, and spawned hundreds of female imitators who would then use streaming video to create a new billion dollar industry called ''camming'', and brand themselves as [[webcam model|camgirls]] or webcam models.<ref name=Richtel>{{cite news|last1=Richtel|first1=Matt|title=Intimacy on the Web, With a Crowd|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/technology/intimacy-on-the-web-with-a-crowd.html|access-date=January 16, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 21, 2013|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509141435/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/technology/intimacy-on-the-web-with-a-crowd.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the earliest examples of a webcasting [[concert]] was by [[Apple Computer]]'s Webcasting Group in partnership with the entrepreneurs Michael Dorf and Andrew Rasiej. Together with [[David B. Pakman]] from [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival on July 17–22, 1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City. Apple later webcast a concert by [[Metallica]] on June 10, 1996, live from Slim's in San Francisco.<ref>{{cite news |title=Heavy Metal Metallica Plans to Rock Cyberspace: Apple Computer to 'Webcast' band's concert |date=May 30, 1996 |location=San Francisco, CA, USA |newspaper=SFGate |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Heavy-Metal-Metallica-Plans-to-Rock-Cyberspace-2980352.php |access-date=September 27, 2010 |archive-date=January 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121021319/http://articles.sfgate.com/1996-05-30/business/17775287_1_xing-technology-technology-startups-fastest-growing-technology |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalmediafestival.com/Benford_E_Standley.htm |title=Benford "Buffalo" Earl Sandley |publisher=Digital Media Festival |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923214725/http://www.digitalmediafestival.com/Benford_E_Standley.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

On October 31, 1996, UK rock band Caduseus broadcast their one-hour concert from 11{{nbsp}}pm to 12{{nbsp}}midnight (UT) at Celtica in Machynlleth, Wales, UK&nbsp;– the first live streamed audio and simultaneous live streamed video multicast&nbsp;– around the globe to more than twenty direct "mirrors" in more than twenty countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/wales/archive/bbc-mid-wales-mystory-caduseus-1996-internet-broadcast.pdf |date=November 24, 2005 |title=Internet Innovators |publisher=BBC |access-date=December 8, 2016 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201045531/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/wales/archive/bbc-mid-wales-mystory-caduseus-1996-internet-broadcast.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIBggEZqSW0 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211110/EIBggEZqSW0| archive-date=November 10, 2021 | url-status=live|title=CADUSEUS – BBC news feature |website=YouTube |access-date=December 8, 2016 |date=January 12, 2010 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In September 1997, Nebraska Public Television started webcasting Big Red Wrap Up from Lincoln, Nebraska which combined highlights from every Cornhusker football game, coverage of the coaches' weekly press conferences, analysis with Nebraska sportswriters, appearances by special guests and questions and answers with viewers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://scarlet.unl.edu/scarlet/v7n25/v7n25nibs.html |title=Big Red Wrap-Up Now on World Wide Web |newspaper=Scarlet |publisher=University of Nebraska-Lincoln |date=September 26, 1997 |access-date=December 8, 2016 |archive-date=November 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116135028/http://scarlet.unl.edu/scarlet/v7n25/v7n25nibs.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On August 8, 1997, the American jam band [[Phish]] webcast one of their concerts for the first time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gershuny |first1=Jason |last2=Smith |first2=Andy |title=100 Things Phish Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die |date=2018 |publisher=Triumph Books |isbn=9781641250191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOwwDwAAQBAJ&q=phish%201997%20webcast%20tinley&pg=PT211 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aug 08, 1997 Setlist - Phish.net |url=https://phish.net/setlists/phish-august-08-1997-new-world-music-theatre-tinley-park-il-usa |website=phish.net |access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref>

On October 22, 1998, the first Billy Graham Crusade was broadcast live to a worldwide audience from the [[Raymond James Stadium]] in Tampa, Florida, courtesy of Dale Ficken and the WebcastCenter in Pennsylvania. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billygraham.org/assets/media/pdfs/development/annualreports/BGEA1998AnnualReport.pdf|title=Occupying Till He Returns|last=Graham|first=Billy|publisher=BillyGraham.org|access-date=May 15, 2013|archive-date=April 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422191456/http://www.billygraham.org/assets/media/pdfs/development/annualreports/BGEA1998AnnualReport.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

On February 6, 1999, a 21-minute [[Victoria's Secret]] fashion show featuring supermodel [[Tyra Banks]] aired exclusively on [[Broadcast.com]]. The webcast was promoted by a 30-second television spot during [[Super Bowl XXXIII]] and drew an estimated 1.5 million viewers. Broadcast.com servers were reportedly overwhelmed by the spike in traffic, locking out many potential viewers.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Feb. 5, 1999: Web Tempest in a D-Cup |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/02/feb-5-1999-web-tempest-in-a-d-cup-2/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref>

Virtually all major broadcasters now have a webcast of their output, from the [[BBC]] to [[CNN]] to [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] to [[DWAO-TV|UNTV]] in television to Radio China,  Vatican Radio,<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.vaticanradio.org/ | title = Radio | publisher = Vatican | access-date = February 8, 2011 | archive-date = March 24, 2004 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040324200413/http://www.vaticanradio.org/ | url-status = live }}.</ref> United Nations Radio and the [[World Service]] in radio.

On November 4, 1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 14, 2022 |title=Producing the World's First Live Stream |url=https://jet-stream.com/producing-the-worlds-first-live-stream/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226085545/https://jet-stream.com/producing-the-worlds-first-live-stream/ |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |access-date=September 9, 2024 |publisher=Jet-Stream}}</ref> On November 7, 1994, [[WXYC]], the [[college radio]] station of the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet.<ref>{{cite news|title=Communications: Picture the scene|last=Grossman|first=Wendy|date=January 26, 1995|work=Online|location= Manchester, United Kingdom|publisher=The Guardian|pages=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=WXYC announces the first 24-hour real-time world-wide Internet radio simulcast|publisher=WXYC 89.3 FM|date=November 7, 1994|url=http://www.wxyc.org/about/first/release.html|access-date=April 5, 2008|archive-date=December 20, 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021220202524/http://wxyc.org/about/first/release.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Translated versions including [[subtitling]] are now possible using [[Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language]] (SMIL).