Editing Well smack (section)

==Structure and usage==
[[File:Bateau capsizun2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gaff rig|Gaff]] [[cutter (boat)|cutter]] rig]]
These smacks were heavy-hulled with a [[draft (hull)|draught]] of two [[fathom]]s. They were buoyant [[bow (ship)|fore]] and [[aft]], with the well contained [[Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)#amidships|amidships]].  Augur holes were drilled in the sides of the hull so that water could flow freely for re-oxygenation.  Fish placed in the well could then be carried upriver to market (from 1750 especially Billingsgate, [[London]]; from 1900 the [[Faroe Islands|Faroes]]) in fresh condition.<ref name="BrianCoadDictionary" /> The [[swim bladder]]s of the fish had to be pierced to prevent them from floating.  Turbot and other flatfish were suspended on thin rope to prevent them from clogging the augur holes. Crews considered these ships safe and stable, according to Faroes crewmen who remembered sailing in them before 1920.<ref name="EdgarJMarchTrawlers" /><ref name="BillingsgateAtFive">{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/ks/landzastanza/billingsgate.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020304211826/http://www.angelfire.com/ks/landzastanza/billingsgate.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2002|title=Angelfire.com|work=Billingsgate at five in the morning|access-date=7 February 2010}}</ref>

By about 1854, the [[River Thames|Thames]] was too polluted for use of welled smacks, and fishermen had to leave fish in floating cod boxes in the Thames estuary near [[Ipswich]]. Many fishermen moved out of Thames fishing ports such as [[Barking, London|Barking]], and went to the east coast, especially to [[Grimsby]] and [[Lowestoft]]. Some [[cod fisheries|cod boats]], including some welled smacks, did continue to fish out of Barking until around 1900.  However most continued to carry the [[Port of London]] [[home port|port-registration]] LO.<ref name="EdgarJMarchTrawlers" />

Until the 1870s, these smacks travelled from London to [[Iceland]] in summer, and returned via North Sea ports, including Holland.  From the 1870s, those converted to dry ketches were used in fleeting in the North Sea, especially in the Silver Pits. From 1900 to 1920, the last welled smacks were sold to the Faroe Islands.  The last welled smacks sank in the [[Faroes]] in about 1920.<ref name="EdgarJMarchTrawlers" />