Editing Wh-movement (section)

===Subject "fronting"===
When the subject is questioned, it is unclear whether wh-fronting has occurred because the default position of the subject is clause-initial. In the example sentence pair below, the subject ''Fred'' already appears at the front of the sentence where the interrogative is placed.

::a. '''Fred''' is working hard.
::b. '''Who''' is working hard?

Some theories of syntax maintain that this constitutes a wh-movement, and analyze such cases as if the interrogative subject has moved up the syntactic hierarchy; however, other theories observe that the surface string of words remains the same, and therefore, no movement has occurred.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agbayani|first=Brian|date=2000-10-01|title=Wh-Subjects in English and the Vacuous Movement Hypothesis|url=https://doi.org/10.1162/002438900554523|journal=Linguistic Inquiry|volume=31|issue=4|pages=703–713|doi=10.1162/002438900554523|s2cid=57562940 |issn=0024-3892|url-access=subscription}}</ref>