Editing William Dawes (section)

==Role in Boston's militia==

On April 8, 1768, Dawes was elected as a member of the [[Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts]].  He was appointed as the company's second sergeant in 1770.  When the company was revived in 1786, after becoming dormant during the American Revolution, he was appointed as the Company clerk.  His father, William Dawes Sr., was also a member of the company. It is likely that in September 1774, Dawes was instrumental in helping Boston's militia artillery company secure its four small cannons from being confiscated by the British. The [[Massachusetts]] [[Provincial Congress]] certainly sent word to him in February 1775 that it was time to move two of those weapons out of Boston.

On another occasion, Dawes and some others stole two cannons which were in a building that was under guard by a British grenadier at the time.  They sneaked the cannons out through a window in the back of the building then hid them in a woodbox in a schoolhouse next door for retrieval later.  Upon discovery of the loss, the British authorities closely questioned the schoolmaster, who coolly denied any knowledge of the affair, while keeping his feet casually propped up on the woodbox.  Dawes hurt his wrist in the escapade, and some days later, went to a fellow member of the Sons of Liberty, Dr. [[Joseph Warren]], for treatment.  Warren asked Dawes how he hurt himself.  Dawes demurred, and Warren (who probably knew about the cannon incident) wisely responded by saying that it was best that he did not know.<ref>Dawes, C. Burr.  ''William Dawes: First Rider for Revolution,'' pp 175–181, Historic Gardens Press, Newark, Ohio, 1976.</ref><ref>Tourtellot, Arthur Bernon.  ''William Diamond's Drum,'' p 91, Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, 1959.</ref>

===Midnight ride===
Dawes, who was known and trusted by Sons of Liberty leader Dr. [[Joseph Warren]], was assigned by Warren to ride from [[Boston]] to [[Lexington, Massachusetts]], on the night of April 18, 1775, when it became clear that a British column was going to march into the countryside. Dawes' mission was to warn [[John Hancock]] and [[Samuel Adams]] that they were in danger of arrest. Dawes took the land route out of Boston through the [[Boston Neck]], leaving just before the British sealed off the town.<ref name="DWDWRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.wmdawes.org/ride.html|title=The Ride|publisher=The Descendants of William Dawes Who Rode Association|access-date=December 1, 2012}}</ref>

Also acting under Dr. Warren, [[Paul Revere]] arranged for another rider waiting across the Charles River in Charlestown to be told of the army's route with lanterns hung in [[Old North Church]].  To be certain the message would get through, Revere rowed across the river and started riding westward himself. Later, [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]]'s historically inaccurate poem "[[Paul Revere's Ride (poem)|Paul Revere's Ride]]" would focus entirely on Revere, making him a composite of the many alarm riders that night.

Dawes and Revere arrived at the [[Hancock–Clarke House]] in Lexington about the same time, shortly after midnight. Revere arrived slightly earlier, despite having stopped to speak to militia officers in towns along the way, as his route was shorter and his horse faster.  After warning Adams and Hancock to leave, Revere and Dawes proceeded to [[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]] in case that was the British column's goal.  Revere no doubt knew that the Provincial Congress had stored munitions there, including the cannons which Dawes had helped to secure.  Along the way, the two men met [[Samuel Prescott]], a local young physician, who joined them.<ref>Fischer, David Hackett.  ''Paul Revere's Ride,'' p. 129, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1994. {{ISBN|0-19-508847-6}}.</ref>

A squad of mounted British officers awaited on the road between Lexington and Concord.  They had already arrested some riders heading west with news of the troops, and they called for Dawes, Revere, and Prescott to halt. The three men rode in different directions, hoping one would escape. Dawes, according to the story he told his children, rode into the yard of a house shouting that he had lured two officers there. Fearing an ambush, the officers stopped chasing him. Dawes's horse bucked him off, however, and he had to walk back to Lexington. He later said that in the morning, he returned to the same yard and found the watch that had fallen from his pocket. Otherwise, Dawes's activity during the Battle of Lexington and Concord remains unknown.

Dawes and his companions' warnings allowed the town militias to muster a sufficient force for the first open battle of the [[American Revolutionary War]] and the first colonial victory. The British column did not find most of the weapons they had marched to destroy and sustained serious losses during their retreat to Boston while under attack by the minutemen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Dawes {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/patriotsday-william-dawes/|access-date=September 8, 2021|website=www.pbs.org|language=en}}</ref>

===Service in the American Revolution===

On September 9, 1776, Dawes was commissioned second major of the Boston militia regiment. During the war, Dawes worked as a quartermaster in central Massachusetts. British [[prisoners of war]] from the [[Battles of Saratoga]] complained to Parliament that he gave them short supplies; his family countered that Dawes believed that they were stealing from farmers while being marched to Boston – as most armies on the march were prone to do.