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===Informal labour=== The contribution of informal labourers is immense. Informal labour is expanding globally, most significantly in [[developing countries]].<ref name="worldbank1">{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Martha Alter |title=Women in the Informal Sector: A Global Picture, The Global Movement |publisher=World Bank: 1β10. World Bank Info. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. |url=http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/76309/dc2002/proceedings/pdfpaper/module6mc.pdf |accessdate=2015-03-24 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113204603/http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/76309/dc2002/proceedings/pdfpaper/module6mc.pdf |archivedate=2014-11-13 }}</ref> According to a study done by Jacques Charmes, in the year 2000 informal labour made up 57% of non-agricultural employment, 40% of urban employment, and 83% of the new jobs in Latin America. That same year, informal labour made up 78% of non-agricultural employment, 61% of urban employment, and 93% of the new jobs in Africa.<ref>Charmes, Jacques. "Informal Sector, Poverty and Gender: A Review of Empirical Evidence." World Development Report (Feb. 2000): 1β9. Centre of Economics and Ethics. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. {{cite web |url=http://www.wiego.org/papers/charmes3.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-03-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225122754/http://wiego.org/papers/charmes3.pdf |archive-date=2010-12-25 }}.</ref> Particularly after an economic crisis, labourers tend to shift from the formal sector to the informal sector. This trend was seen after the [[Asian economic crisis]] which began in 1997.<ref name="worldbank1"/>
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