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X-linked recessive inheritance
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== Pushback on recessive/dominant terminology == A few scholars have suggested discontinuing the use of the terms ''dominant'' and ''recessive'' when referring to [[X-linked inheritance]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Dobyns|first1=William B.|last2=Filauro|first2=Allison|last3=Tomson|first3=Brett N.|last4=Chan|first4=April S.|last5=Ho|first5=Allen W.|last6=Ting|first6=Nicholas T.|last7=Oosterwijk|first7=Jan C.|last8=Ober|first8=Carole|year=2004|title=Inheritance of most X-linked traits is not dominant or recessive, just X-linked|journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics|volume=129A|issue=2|pages=136β43|doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.30123|pmid=15316978|s2cid=42108591}}</ref> The possession of two X chromosomes in females leads to dosage issues which are alleviated by [[X-inactivation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shvetsova|first1=Ekaterina|last2=Sofronova|first2=Alina|last3=Monajemi|first3=Ramin|last4=Gagalova|first4=Kristina|last5=Draisma|first5=Harmen H. M.|last6=White|first6=Stefan J.|last7=Santen|first7=Gijs W. E.|last8=Chuva de Sousa Lopes|first8=Susana M.|last9=Heijmans|first9=Bastiaan T.|last10=van Meurs|first10=Joyce|last11=Jansen|first11=Rick|date=March 2019|title=Skewed X-inactivation is common in the general female population|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|language=en|volume=27|issue=3|pages=455β465|doi=10.1038/s41431-018-0291-3|pmid=30552425|pmc=6460563|issn=1476-5438|doi-access=free}}</ref> Stating that the highly variable [[penetrance]] of X-linked traits in females as a result of mechanisms such as skewed X-inactivation or [[somatic mosaicism]] is difficult to reconcile with standard definitions of dominance and recessiveness, scholars have suggested referring to traits on the X chromosome simply as ''X-linked.''<ref name=":0" />
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