Editing Xining (section)

== Geography and climate ==
Xining is located in the eastern part of [[Qinghai]] Province and lies on the [[Huangshui River]]. The four urban districts have a total area of {{convert|343|km2|abbr=on}}.

Xining is located on the eastern edge of the [[Qinghai–Tibet Plateau]] and the upper reaches of the [[Huangshui River]]. It is the political, economic, and cultural center of [[Qinghai Province]] with an average altitude of about {{convert|2,200|m}}. Human activity in the region can be traced to 2,100 years ago. During the [[Han dynasty|Western and Eastern Han dynasties]], owing to its developing [[agriculture]],  Xining was paid notice due to its economic and military significance. As well as being an important hinge between the Central Plains and the western part of China in ancient times,  Xining was an important link in the [[Silk Road]]. It continues to be an important rail and road link to the hinterlands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

Xining has also been dubbed the Summer Resort Capital of China owing to its cool summer, with a borderline [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climate|cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'')/dry winter [[humid continental climate]] (''Dwb''). Conditions are influenced by the aridity and high altitude. Nights are cold or cool throughout the year, and the [[diurnal temperature variation]] often reaches or exceeds {{convert|15|°C-change|0}}. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures ranges from {{convert|−7.9|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|17.5|°C|1}} in July; the annual mean is {{convert|6.0|°C|1}}, still making it one of the warmest locations in Qinghai due to the low elevation by provincial standards. Rainfall falls mainly from May to September, and the area is often dry and sunny: with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49&nbsp;percent in September to 67&nbsp;percent in November, the city receives 2,540 hours of bright sunshine per year. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|−26.6|°C|0}} to {{convert|36.5|°C|0}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |script-title=zh:中国气象科学数据共享服务网 |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |access-date=February 22, 2014 |archive-date=March 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302053152/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |url-status=dead }}</ref> Snow cover is very sparse due to the dry winters.
 
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Xining, elevation {{convert|2295|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| collapsed = Y
| Jan high C = 2.1
| Feb high C = 5.8
| Mar high C = 11.0
| Apr high C = 16.6
| May high C = 20.2
| Jun high C = 23.2
| Jul high C = 25.1
| Aug high C = 24.2
| Sep high C = 19.6
| Oct high C = 14.5
| Nov high C = 8.6
| Dec high C = 3.4
| Jan mean C = -7.9
| Feb mean C = -3.6
| Mar mean C = 2.2
| Apr mean C = 8.3
| May mean C = 12.3
| Jun mean C = 15.6
| Jul mean C = 17.5
| Aug mean C = 16.6
| Sep mean C = 12.2
| Oct mean C = 6.2
| Nov mean C = -0.7
| Dec mean C = -6.3
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = -14.6
| Feb low C = -10.4
| Mar low C = -4.4
| Apr low C = 1.4
| May low C = 5.7
| Jun low C = 9.2
| Jul low C = 11.6
| Aug low C = 11.1
| Sep low C = 7.4
| Oct low C = 0.9
| Nov low C = -6.5
| Dec low C = -12.6
| Jan record high C = 15.4
| Feb record high C = 20.8
| Mar record high C = 26.2
| Apr record high C = 31.8
| May record high C = 31.2
| Jun record high C = 31.9
| Jul record high C = 36.5
| Aug record high C = 34.0
| Sep record high C = 29.9
| Oct record high C = 26.6
| Nov record high C = 19.3
| Dec record high C = 14.1
| Jan record low C = −24.9
| Feb record low C = −20.7
| Mar record low C = −16.9
| Apr record low C = −12.5
| May record low C = −3.9
| Jun record low C = 0.2
| Jul record low C = 4.2
| Aug record low C = 3.2
| Sep record low C = −1.1
| Oct record low C = −12.5
| Nov record low C = -19.0
| Dec record low C = −26.6
| precipitation color = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 1.8
| Feb precipitation mm = 1.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 8.8
| Apr precipitation mm = 20.7
| May precipitation mm = 53.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 64.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 81.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 87.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 68.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 23.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 5.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 1.2
| Jan humidity = 48
| Feb humidity = 45
| Mar humidity = 46
| Apr humidity = 47
| May humidity = 55
| Jun humidity = 61
| Jul humidity = 66
| Aug humidity = 69
| Sep humidity = 72
| Oct humidity = 67
| Nov humidity = 58
| Dec humidity = 52
| unit precipitation days = 0.1&nbsp;mm
| Jan precipitation days = 3.2
| Feb precipitation days = 2.9
| Mar precipitation days = 4.9
| Apr precipitation days = 7.1
| May precipitation days = 11.7
| Jun precipitation days = 14.4
| Jul precipitation days = 15.4
| Aug precipitation days = 14.5
| Sep precipitation days = 14.4
| Oct precipitation days = 7.7
| Nov precipitation days = 3.2
| Dec precipitation days = 2.1
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 196.7
| Feb sun = 200.3
| Mar sun = 223.9
| Apr sun = 232.8
| May sun = 240.5
| Jun sun = 230.1
| Jul sun = 223.8
| Aug sun = 215.8
| Sep sun = 181.4
| Oct sun = 200.0
| Nov sun = 201.8
| Dec sun = 192.6
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 63
| Feb percentsun = 65
| Mar percentsun = 60
| Apr percentsun = 59
| May percentsun = 55
| Jun percentsun = 53
| Jul percentsun = 51
| Aug percentsun = 52
| Sep percentsun = 49
| Oct percentsun = 58
| Nov percentsun = 67
| Dec percentsun = 64
| year percentsun = 
| Jan snow days = 5.1
| Feb snow days = 5.8
| Mar snow days = 7.0
| Apr snow days = 3.4
| May snow days = 0.4
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0.1
| Oct snow days = 1.5
| Nov snow days = 4.2
| Dec snow days = 4.0
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web|url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-cn |access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps|script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)|publisher = [[China Meteorological Administration]]| language =zh|access-date = 2023-04-11|title = Experience Template}}</ref>[[NOAA]]<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/China/CSV/XINING_52866.csv|title = Xining Climate Normals 1991-2020|publisher = [[NOAA]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

===River management===
In 2007, the [[World Bank]] lent US$1 billion to aid [[river treatment]] in Xining, including [[Sanxian County]]'s anti-[[flooding]] project, with an added US$1 billion to support infrastructure. Qinghai has invested large amounts in the treatment of Huangshui Main River and Nanchuan River, totalling {{convert|24.5|km|abbr=on}}. However, a treatment on a {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} river course and 10 flash flood relief channels remain pending due to lack of equipment. In Sanxian County, a {{convert|108.4|m|abbr=on}} long river course and 80 flash flood relief channels need treatment.

===Air quality===
According to a 2011 World Health Organization (based on Chinese statistics),  Xining has the second worst [[air pollution|air quality]] (annual mean PM10 ug/m3 of 141) among eleven western China cities, and is worse than Beijing (121).<ref>WHO report OAP_database_8_2011.xls</ref>